Periodic Table 101 SESSION 1&2: Properties of elements Metals, non-metals and metalloids

Physical Properties Aspects of an object or substance that can be observed and/or measured without changing it.

Physical Properties Colour: the pigmentation of an element in natural light. Flame colour: the colour of an element when it is introduced to a flame. Melting point: the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.

Physical Properties Conductivity: the ability of a substance to allow heat or an electric current to flow through it. Solubility: the degree to which a substance will enter into solution (dissolve). Malleable: if a material can be hammered into sheets.

Physical Properties Ductile: if a material can be drawn into a wire. Hardness: the ability of a material to resist scratching or denting. Flexible or brittle: a material’s ability to bend easily or snap when bent. Lustre: a material’s ability to reflect light especially when polished. I.e. shiny or dull.

Chemical Properties Aspects of an object describing its potential to undergo a chemical change.

Chemical Properties Reactivity with oxygen Reactivity with water Reactivity with an acid Chemically inert

Metals

Metals Metals have the following properties: Solid at room temperature (except Hg) High melting and boiling points (except Hg) Are malleable and ductile Are usually lustrous and can be polished Metals conduct electricity Metals are flexible

Non-metals

Non-metals Non-metals have the following properties: Usually gases or solids at room temperature (except Br) Low melting and boiling points Are not malleable or ductile Do not have a metallic lustre Are brittle and break when subjected to stress and strain

Metalloids

Metalloids Possess some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals. Generally they have physical characteristics of a metal, but behave chemically more like non-metals.

Position of groupings