trends in the blue economy Marine Strategy Framework Directive 14th meeting of the working group on economic and social analysis (WG ESA) 29 February 2016

contents size of blue economy blue growth focus areas living resources non-living resources coastal tourism shipping shipbuilding renewable energy blue growth focus areas ocean energy aquaculture seabed mining marine biotechnology

overview

United States European Union comparison with US living resources ship and boat building shipbuilding offshore mineral resources non-living resources marine transportation transport marine construction (included under transport) tourism and recreation coastal tourism renewable energy

𝐽 𝑖 = 𝑗=1 𝑗=𝑛 𝑝 𝑖 𝛼 𝑖 𝑗 𝑡 𝑗 𝑖∈𝑃, 𝑗∈𝑆, 𝑗∉𝑃 indirect employment 𝐽 𝑖 = 𝑗=1 𝑗=𝑛 𝑝 𝑖 𝛼 𝑖 𝑗 𝑡 𝑗 𝑖∈𝑃, 𝑗∈𝑆, 𝑗∉𝑃 employment in enterprises providing goods and services to primary activities in each Member State Eurostat structural business statistics and supply and use tables

examples fisheries and aquaculture extraction of petroleum and gas warehousing and transportation support 6% extraction of petroleum and gas mining support services 28% financial services 8% shipbuilding machinery and equipment 13% fabricated metal products 10% ship repair repair of machinery 8% water transport warehousing and transportation support 31% coke and refined petroleum products 15%

shipbuildingbuding

shippingbuding

foodbuding

oil and gas wind energy

coastal tourism

jobs

coastal tourism

monetary value activity indicator Value (€ billions) crude petroleum and gas extraction turnover 160 offshore wind investment 4 fishing revenue 7 aquaculture 2 fish processing gross value added shipbuilding and repair 43 shipping 110 tourism (residents) 51 tourism (non-residents) 130 total   450

growth

offshore wind year Total employment Onshore jobs Offshore jobs 2007 163,744 152,170 11,571 2008 158,627 143,840 14,783 2009 194,691 170,990 23,698 2010 202,278 162,864 39,414 2011 203,835 162,536 41,298 2012 254,497 195,616 58,881 2013 252,807 174,966 77,841 2014 262,061 187,035 75,026 Subsectors percent WT manufacturing 37.0% Component manufacturing 22.0% Wind farm development 16.0% Installation and maintenance 11.0% IPP/utilities 9.0% Consultants 3.0% R&D/universities 1.0% Finance 0.3% Others 0.7% Total 100.0%

inland? shipping aquaculture employment

ocean energy waves, tides, thermal or salinity gradients mostly in Atlantic upscale and reduce costs ocean energy forum environment and consenting, finance technology roadmap 2016

aquaculture growing demand for sustainable seafood with safe, secure, high quality, fresh, locally farmed fish funding €1.2 billion 2014-2020 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund €46 million 2016-2017 Horizon2020 research - focus on the Mediterranean stakeholder coordination working with authorities to improve licensing procedures launch of the Aquaculture Advisory Council

better less-precarious jobs coastal tourism better less-precarious jobs study on challenges April 2016 innovation for tourism islands connectivity marina development thematic routes on underwater cultural heritage call for proposals ongoing

marine biotechnology more taxa in marine environment than land 50% of primary production but less than 2% of food promise of third generation biofuel from algae Horizon2020 research ownership of genetic resources Implementation of Nagoya protocol conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction

deep-sea mining operations starting waters Papua New Guinea rules for Area (beyond national jurisdiction) 2018? International Seabed Authority EU study public consultation research €9 million MIDAS €10 million Blue Mining €8 million Blue Nodules Areas of Particular Environmental Interest

any questions?