Bellringer Why do we use the term the middle east? What is Zionism? 3 Religions found in the middle east?

Causes of the Iranian Revolution

Vocabulary Shah- king of Iran Secular- not religious Imperialist- a country taking another country as a colony. Ayatollah- high ranking Shi'ite ruler Oppressor- to keep down by severe force Subordinate- low rank; person under control

After WW1 and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Allies divided up the Middle East and created a new political map Many nations states were carved up that did not represent the cultural ties.

What would happen if new Maine lines were drawn so we got combined with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (Canada)? How would people feel?

Pre WW1

Post WW1

Iranian Oil Resources Russia, Great Britain, and later United States all wanted control of Iran’s natural resources.

Shah Reza Pahlavi(r. 1941 – 1977) Wanted Iran to be like America and the "west". Pushes for secularism which upsets religious conservatives Made oil deals with United States but spent most money on himself and military Meanwhile people live in poverty. Oppressed opposition Q5

Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, Prime Minister of Iran Became Prime Minister in 1951. Wanted the oil to go to the people of his country. The American CIA had him removed in a coup and put the Shah back in power. Why did the US do this? Long term consequences? Q4

The Shah & His Wife, Farah Iranian elite/upper- and intellectual classes: very pro-Western.

The Shah at George Washington’s Home, 1950s

The Shah with Several American Presidents

The Shah with President Jimmy Carter

Ayatollah Khomeini(r. 1979-1989) 1902 – 1989. Became an Islamic scholar Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s. Arrested and imprisoned several times by the Shah. Exiled.

Reasons for the Fall of the Shah The Shah spent the oil profits for top of the line American military hardware. Little money went back into his country Religious leaders angry with the Shah for too much “Americanization” Government corrupt. The Shah was brutal to citizens who questioned him.

Anti-Shah Protests

The Shah’s Chief Opponents? Oil field workers. Students and other intellectuals. Middle class businessmen. Iranian nationalists. Muslim clerics. Q6

Anti-American Pin(1960s)

Protests begin Initially, many people support the revolution Not all wanted Islamic State (theocracy) but the idea of nationalism and getting rid of a corrupt government appealed to all. Saw Khomeini as a symbol of the revolution- but did not read his ideas carefully. He was a religious fundamentalist

In revolutions, people get caught up with the emotion- they see what they want to see. They turn a blind eye to what they don’t want to see.

A weird combination of radicals, liberals, moderates, and fundamentalists working together…but this will only happen while there is a common enemy to hold them together. What are your predictions on what will happen in Iran after they get rid of the Shah, their common enemy?

Khomeini in Exile

Khomeini during Revolution First lives in Iraq Large Shia population and borders Iran He preaches at Shi'ite holy sites in Iraq and Universities Sent cassette tapes to be smuggled into Iran Shah gets Iraq to kick Khomeini out Khomeini goes to Paris BBC interviews him on riots in Iran. National platform Face of revolution How will a religious fundamental theocracy change the people of Iran? Predictions?

Iranian Students Protest in Beverly Hills Timeline of Iran with pictures and videos

The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79. Anarchy & Revolution Picture Slideshow Of Iranian Revolution The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79.

Ayatollah Khomeini Leads the Revolution Khomeini returns to Iran on February 11, 1979. Q7

Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian Soldiers Shah’s military leaves him because they are everyday people who supported the revolution. A theocracy is created! Q8

60min BBC video looking back at the causes