Section 21.2 Defenses Against Disease Objectives

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
AVOIDANCE & TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Advertisements

The Body’s Defenses Chapter 18 Section 2.
Defenses Against Disease
The Immune System In this lesson, you will Learn About…
What has happened when a cut in your skin becomes infected? What could have been done to prevent it?
Keeping Pathogens Out Every day your body is exposed to many pathogens. Your body can trap, repel or destroy may of these intruders. Most of these pathogens.
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Defense against Disease
Lesson 2 – The Body’s Defenses Chapter 5 – fighting diseases.
Lesson 2 Preventing Communicable Diseases How might behaviors such as wearing appropriate safety equipment help protect you from pathogens?
Lesson 2 Preventing Communicable Diseases How might behaviors such as wearing appropriate safety equipment help protect you from pathogens?
The Fight Against Infectious Diseases
By learning about and practicing prevention strategies, you can help your body stay healthy.
Immune System.
The Immune System: Specific and Non-Specific Responses to Pathogens
Lines of Defense 1 Your body has many ways to defend itself.
Fighting Communicable Diseases (1:09) Click here to launch video Click here to download print activity.
Chapter 13 Your Body Systems Lesson 6 Your Immune System.
Anatomy and Physiology
Immune System Is a network of cells, tissues, organs and chemicals that fights off pathogens.
Your Body’s Defense. Pathogens:  Bacteria- Some infections bacteria cause include sore throats (tonsillitis or strep throat), ear infections, cavities,
Your Body’s Defense. THE BODY’S CAPABILITY OF REMOVING OR KILLING FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, PATHOGENS AND CANCER CELLS Immunity.
Preventing Communicable Diseases How might behaviors such as wearing appropriate safety equipment help protect you from pathogens?
BELL WORK How often do you get sick? When you do get sick is it bad? Explain your answers.
Section 21.2 Defenses Against Disease Slide 1 of 28 Objectives Identify the body’s physical and chemical defenses against infectious disease. Describe.
The Immune System.
Your Body’s Defense. Physical Defenses  First line of defense  Skin  Hair  Mucous  Cilia  Saliva  Tears  Sweat  Digestive tract.
Your Body’s Defense.
THE BODY’S DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION. THE BODY’S DEFENSES YOUR FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE- YOUR SKIN AND FLUIDS FORMS A BARRIER BETWEEN YOU AND PATHOGENS.
Section 21.2 Defenses Against Disease Slide 1 of 28 For each of your responses, explain how your behavior could affect your chances of getting or spreading.
Section 21.2 Defenses Against Disease Rebuse of the day Slide 1 of 28.
Communicable Disease. Communicable Diseases (Infectious Diseases) Caused by organisms or viruses that enter and multiply within the human body. Microorganisms.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE- passed from person to person.
+ Immune System. + What are the basics?  _____________________  _____________________is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
Protecting the Body.
SWABAT: SC.912.L Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics.
Physiology Of Parasites (512) Zoo 3(2+1)
35.4 Vacine & Antibiotics.
Ch. 21 Infectious Diseases
December 13, 2016 Bell ringer: Have you ever had a small cut or other injury that became red or painful or developed pus? Write describing what the area.
The Body’s Defenses Explain how the body’s first line of defense guards against pathogens Describe what happens during the inflammatory response State.
The Immune System & Disease
Immune System Day 1.
Science 8 Life Science Lesson L7 ~ The Immune System
Fighting Disease Noadswood Science, 2016.
Integumentary, Immune and
OBJ: Given notes, activity sheet SWBAT explain what is meant by pathogens, infectious disease and how our Immune System fights disease with 70% accuracy.
The Immune System Lesson 2, Chapter 13.
Mrs. Vogel 7th Grade Teen Living
Communicable Diseases
The Immune System.
Immune System Day 1.
Immune System.
The Body’s Defense against Foreign Agents
Everything You Wanted to Know About the Immune System…And More!!!
BELL WORK Write about the last time you were sick. How did you feel and what happened?
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Pgs Functions of the Immune System
Protecting the Body.
Warm Up Why is mucous important and where is it specifically produced?
Section 21.2 Defenses Against Disease Objectives
Your Body’s Defense.
Physical Defenses First line of defense
Infectious Diseases.
The Body’s Defense Against Infection
How is the human body like a battlefield?
Science 8 Life Science Lesson L5 ~ The Immune System
KEY CONCEPT The immune systems consists of organs, cells, and molecules that fight infections. Benchmark SC.912.L.14.52: Explain the basic functions of.
BC Science Connections 8
Presentation transcript:

Section 21.2 Defenses Against Disease Objectives Identify the body’s physical and chemical defenses against infectious disease. Describe the inflammatory response. Summarize how the immune system works. Compare passive and active immunity.

I ____ wash my hands before meals. Quick Quiz Complete each of these statements with always, sometimes, or never. I ____ wash my hands before meals. When preparing fruits and vegetables, I ____ wash them thoroughly. I am ____ careful to use only my own eating utensils, drinking cups, towels and grooming items. I ____ cover my mouth when I cough or sneeze. If I spend time in wooded areas, I ____ wear insect repellent. For each of your responses, explain how your behavior could affect your chances of getting or spreading an infectious disease. Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz.

Physical and Chemical Defenses Your body’s first line of defense against infectious disease includes both physical and chemical defenses that prevent pathogens from entering your body.

Skin Your skin serves as both a physical and a chemical barrier against pathogens. Sweat acts as a chemical barrier. Old skin cells are shed constantly, and the pathogens on these cells are shed, too.

Mucous Membranes The openings into your body, such as your mouth, eyes, and nose, are covered by protective linings called mucous membranes (MYOO kus). Mucus traps many pathogens and washes them away. Mucus contains chemicals and specialized cells that attack pathogens.

Cilia Some of your body’s mucous membranes are lined with tiny hairlike structures called cilia (SIL ee uh). Together, cilia and mucus help trap and remove pathogens.

Saliva and Tears Your saliva and tears can trap pathogens and wash them away. Saliva and tears also contain chemicals that attack pathogens.

Digestive System Chemicals in your digestive system kill many pathogens. The normal motions of the digestive system move pathogens out. Bacteria that normally live in your digestive system produce substances that can harm or kill invading bacteria.

Your Body’s Physical and Chemical Defenses Saliva and tears Saliva and tears can wash away some pathogens. Stomach acid When you swallow certain pathogens with food, water, or mucus, acids in your stomach can kill those pathogens. 1 Mucous membranes Mucus traps some pathogens, preventing them from entering your body. 2 3 Cilia Cilia help move mucus and pathogens out of your body when you cough or sneeze. 4 Skin Your skin is an effective barrier against many pathogens. 5

Inflammation Inflammation (in fluh MAY shun) is your body’s general response to all kinds of injury, from cuts and scrapes to internal damage. Inflammation fights infection and promotes the healing process.

Phagocytes Within seconds after your body is injured, the damaged cells release chemicals that cause blood vessels in the injured area to enlarge. Blood, other fluids, and white blood cells called phagocytes (FAG uh syts) leak out of the enlarged vessels. Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens.

Phagocytes This micrograph shows a phagocyte (blue) attacking bacteria (pink). Phagocytes kill pathogens by engulfing and then digesting them.

Healing Phagocytes also give off substances that cause healing to begin. The inflammation process heals the damage, and the inflammation subsides.

The Immune System The immune system (ih MYOON) fights disease by producing a separate set of weapons for each kind of pathogen it encounters.

The Immune Response When a pathogen enters your body for the first time, it often causes disease. White blood cells called lymphocytes (LIM fuh syts) carry out most of the immune system’s functions. If a pathogen that has previously attacked your body enters your body again your immune system will quickly recognize the pathogen and launch an immediate attack. Immunity (ih MYOON ih tee) is your body’s ability to destroy pathogens that it has previously encountered before the pathogens are able to cause disease.

For: More on the immune response Click above to go online.

T Cells T cells perform several functions. Killer T cells destroy any body cell that has been infected by a pathogen. Helper T cells produce chemicals that stimulate other T cells and B cells to fight off infection. Suppressor T cells produce chemicals that “turn off” other immune system cells when an infection has been brought under control.

B Cells The B lymphocytes, or B cells, produce antibodies. Antibodies (AN tih bahd eez) are proteins that attach to the surface of pathogens or to the toxins produced by pathogens. This binding action keeps the pathogen or toxin from harming the body. The memory capacity of B cells explains why you develop immunity to some diseases you’ve already had.

The Immune Response

The Lymphatic System The lymphatic system (lim FAT ik) is a network of vessels that collects fluid from your tissues and returns it to the bloodstream. The fluid flowing through the lymphatic system is called lymph (limf). The lymphatic vessels have hundreds of small stations, called lymph nodes.

Lymph nodes Lymph vessel The Lymphatic System Your lymphatic system is a complex network of vessels and nodes.

Active Art: Immune response Click on the screen above to launch the Active Art.

Passive and Active Immunity Passive Immunity Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from a source other than one’s own immune system is called passive immunity. This type of immunity is temporary, not lifelong. It occurs naturally in babies, who receive antibodies from their mothers before birth. Passive immunity can be artificially acquired.

Passive and Active Immunity Active immunity results from either having a disease or from receiving a vaccine. Injections, which cause you to become immune to a disease, are called immunizations (im yuh nih ZAY shunz), or vaccinations. The substance that is injected is called a vaccine (vak SEEN). Vaccines contain small amounts of dead or modified pathogens or their toxins.

Vocabulary mucous membrane The protective lining that covers any opening into the body. inflammation The body’s general response to all kinds of injury. phagocyte A type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens. immune system The body’s most sophisticated defense against pathogens. lymphocyte A type of white blood cell that carries out functions of the immune system.

Vocabulary immunity The body’s ability to destroy a pathogen that it has previously encountered before the pathogen is able to cause disease. T cell A type of lymphocyte that helps the immune system destroy pathogens. B cell A lymphocyte that produces antibodies. antibody A protein that attaches to the surface of pathogens or to the toxins produced by pathogens, keeping the pathogen or toxin from harming the body.

Vocabulary lymphatic system A network of vessels that collects fluid from body tissues and returns it to the bloodstream; contains much of the immune system. immunization An injection that causes the body to become immune to an infectious disease; also called a vaccination. vaccine A substance containing small amounts of dead or modified pathogens or their toxins that is injected during an immunization.

QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

End of Section 21.2 Click on this slide to end this presentation.