1. Immune System

2. Functions of the Immune System
Body’s defense against disease-causing organisms (pathogens)

3. Which of the following is a disease that is caused by a pathogen?
Diabetes
Cancer
Flu
Allergies 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

4. Three Lines of Defense
Barriers = keep pathogens from entering the body
skin, hairs & mucus in nose, sneezing and coughing, saliva, stomach acids

5. Three Lines of Defense General defense = when body cells are damaged
Inflammatory response = fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into surrounding tissue

6. Three Lines of Defense General defense = when body cells are damaged
Inflammatory response = fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into
surrounding tissue
White blood cells
(phagocytes) = attack
invaders & eat them

7. Three Lines of Defense General defense = when body cells are damaged
Inflammatory response = fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into
surrounding tissue
White blood cells (phagocytes) = attack
invaders & eat them
Interferons = substances produced by body cells when attacked by viruses; interfere with the production of new viruses

8. Three Lines of Defense
Immune response = distinguishes between different pathogens
White blood cells (macrophages) = patrol the body looking for invaders
Send off
chemical
signals to
Helper
T-cells when
an invader is
found

9. Three Lines of Defense
Immune response = distinguishes between different pathogens
Helper T-cells = call other cells in the immune system to the battle
This causes fever, swelling, & aches—signs that your body is working to
fight a disease
Signal Killer T-cells
where the invader
is hiding
Send chemicals that
increase production
of B-cells

10. Three Lines of Defense
Immune response = distinguishes between different pathogens
c. B-cells = produce antibodies

11. How do your body’s barriers help keep you healthy?
Keep pathogens inside your body
Keep pathogens out of your body
Interfere with the production of pathogens
Break down pathogens 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

12. What’s the major difference between general response & immune response?
General response can tell the difference between different pathogens.
Immune response can tell the difference between different pathogens.
General response takes longer to respond to an invader.
Immune response involved white blood cells. 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

13. Which best describes the relationship between macrophages & helper T-cells?
Macrophages & helper T-cells both do the same job.
Macrophages signal helper T-cells, which kill the invader.
Macrophages signal helper T-cells, which signal other immune cells to fight the invader.
Helper t-cells attack macrophages. 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

14. Antibodies & Antigens
Antibody = protein produced by the immune system which destroys certain kinds of pathogens
Antigen = the
part of the
pathogen that
the antibody
recognizes and
binds to

15. Preventing Disease No cure for viral disease; only prevention
Vaccine = made from
damaged virus particles that can’t cause disease anymore

16. Preventing Disease No cure for viral disease; only prevention
Vaccine = made from damaged
virus particles that can’t
cause disease anymore
1st Vaccine = Dr. Edward
Jenner (1798) developed
a vaccine for smallpox
from the cowpox virus
The arm of Sarah Nelmes, a dairy maid, who had contracted cowpox. Jenner used material from her arm to vaccinate an eight year old boy, James Phipps (1798).

17. Which is not true about the relationship between antibodies & antigens?
Every pathogen has a unique antigen on its surface.
The first time an antigen enters your body, you already have an antibody for it.
Each antibody can only bind to a specific antigen.
The second time an antigen enters your body, the antibodies will recognize & attack it. 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

18. If you had chicken pox once, what would happen if you were exposed to the virus again?
Your body wouldn’t be able to fight the virus & you would get sick.
Your body would have antibodies from the first time you had chicken pox & you wouldn’t get sick.
Your body would make different antibodies than the first time & you wouldn’t get sick.
The virus would recognize the antibodies & leave.

19. Which type of disease can be prevented by a vaccine?
Virus
Bacteria
Fungus
Parasites

20. Why doesn’t the flu virus used in the flu vaccine make you sick?
The virus does make you sick.
There is no virus in the vaccine.
The virus can’t reproduce.
The part of the virus that makes you sick was removed.