Analyzing Rhythm & Meter in Poetry

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Analyzing Rhythm & Meter in Poetry Jennifer A. Bennett Sanderson High School Raleigh, North Carolina Wake County Public School System.

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Presentation transcript:

Analyzing Rhythm & Meter in Poetry Scansion Jennifer A. Bennett Sanderson High School Raleigh, North Carolina Wake County Public School System

Common Vocabulary Syllabification: dividing a word into its syllables (each syllable has its own beat) Scansion: analyzing and marking the stressed ( ) and unstressed ( ) syllables of the words in the lines of a poem to determine the pattern of foot and meter Rhythm: the pattern of beats created by the stressed ( ) and unstressed ( ) syllables of the words in the lines of a poem Foot: the smallest unit of rhythm in a line of poetry Meter: measuring the number of feet in a line of poetry

Scansion Steps: Mark every syllable to determine whether each is stressed or unstressed. The stressed and unstressed beats in polysyllabic words are already set—they don’t change. Whether a monosyllabic word is stressed or not depends on the rhythmic pattern created by the other words surrounding it. Identify any rhythmic pattern—look for the repetition of a poetic foot. Ex. "And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea” Repeated foot: [ ] Count the number of feet in each line to determine meter. [ ] x 4

The Poetic Foot Foot: The smallest unit of measurement in a line of poetry Made up of given combinations of stressed and unstressed beats Repetition of a foot creates a regular rhythm

Iambs & Trochees Iamb (n) / iambic (adj) foot u|nite de|pend be|neath Trochee (n) / trochaic (adj) foot tro|chee rea|per tea|cher

Anapests & Dactyls Anapest (n) / anapestic (adj) foot to the dance not a chance in between Dactyl (n) / dactylic (adj) foot yes|ter|day hap|pi|ly

Spondee Spondee sounds like . . . Link to YouTube video: Text from Night at the Museum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DKv5H1UYVQ

Spondees & Dibrachs Spondee (n) / spondaic (adj) foot Two house|holds Who’s there? Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum! Dibrach (aka: pyrrhic foot) "When the blood creeps and the nerves prick” "To a green thought in a green shade"

Meter: the number of feet in a line Foot Meter one foot = monometer Ex. one trochee in a line = trochaic monometer two feet = dimeter Ex. two dactyls in a line = dactylic dimeter three feet = trimeter Ex. three anapests in a line = anapestic trimeter four feet = tetrameter Ex. four dactyls in a line = dactylic tetrameter five feet = pentameter Ex. five iambs in a line = iambic pentameter six feet = hexameter Ex. six trochees in a line = trochaic hexameter

Practice Time! 4 x [ ] = _________ic ________meter

Scan the following lines, and identify the pattern: TIGER, tiger, burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

So What? (What are the effects?) TIGER, tiger, burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

Iambic Pentameter But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossed lovers takes their life.

More Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Hover through the fog and filthy air. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Double, double, toil and trouble, Fire burn and cauldron bubble.

Stanza Division Couplet: two lines Tercet: three lines Heroic Couplet: two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter Tercet: three lines Quatrain: four lines Quintain: five lines Sestet: six lines Septet: seven lines Octave: eight lines

More Common Vocabulary Structure: any element in a poem that creates form, that organizes the words and ideas in a poem, including line breaks, rhythm, rhyme, syntax, tone shifts, etc. Open Form: (a.k.a. “free verse”) poetry that does not follow a regular or prescribed pattern of rhyme, rhythm, meter, line or stanza length; relies more on the rhythms of natural speech Closed Form: poetry that does follow a regular or prescribed pattern (ex. sonnets, sestinas, haikus, limericks, villanelles, ballads, etc.)

The Ballad Narrative poetry (tells a story) Origins: Remember the three genres of poetry? Lyric Dramatic Narrative Origins: English and Scottish folk ballads First appeared during 12th century—written to reflect Scottish dialect Passed on through oral tradition for centuries “Songs of the People”

Ballad Description Presents a single dramatic episode/event Told through action and dialogue Little characterization, description, or motivation Contains a refrain: repeated line or stanza Meant to be sung

Ballad Structure (Closed form) Closed form poem: a poem with specifically prescribed elements (such as rhyme, meter, stanza division, etc.) Consists of four-lined stanzas (quatrains), Conventional rhyme scheme: abcb or abab Rhythm: Lines 1 & 3: iambic tetrameter Lines 2 & 4: iambic trimeter

The Sonnet

The Villanelle

The Sestina

The Haiku