Economic benefits of narrowing the gender gap in STEM education in the EU #SWITCH! Kaunas, 2017 09 19 Helena Morais Maceira

Agriculture and veterinary Distribution of tertiary education students by field and sex, EU-28, 2013 (%) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Social sciences, business and law Engineering, manufacturing and construction Health and welfare Humanities and arts Science, mathematics and computing Education Services Agriculture and veterinary Unknown Female Male Source: Eurostat (online data code: educ_uoe_enrt03)

Graduates (%) in science, mathematics and computing per 1,000 inhabitants aged 20-29 years, EU-28, 2003-13 20 15 10 5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(²) 2012 2013 (1) 2010 and 2012: estimates. (2) Values for 2011 interpolated on the basis of 2010 and 2012 data. Source: Eurostat (online data codes: educ_grad5, educ_uoe_grad02 and demo_pjangroup Female Male Total

The most segregated fields of study in the EU and its impacts on future of work Gender balanced = from 40% to 60% of women or men STEM and EHW (tertiary & vocational education levels) are most gender segregated study fields Share of women in 2013-2015, %:   EU average EU range LT EHW Education 81 68 - 95 Health and welfare 79 66 - 89 83 STEM Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics  54 41 - 79 59 Engineering, manufacturing and construction 19 12 - 34  18 Information and communication technologies (ICT)  17  6 - 41 17

Gender divide in education leads to gender divided jobs   Men EU range Women Science and engineering professionals 75 56 -80 ICT professionals 84 68-92 Science and engineering associate professionals 71-91 ICT technicians 82 65-91 Building and related trades workers 97 94-100 Metal, machinery and related trades workers 96 93-100 Electrical and electronic trades workers 89-100 Stationary plant and machine operators 67 37-82 Health professionals 70 45-89 Teaching professionals 69 62-85 Health associate professionals 80 52-94 Personal care workers 90 81-98

Current gender pay gap by Member State Source: Eurostat, 2014

Gender gap in computing graduates in 2030 Baseline data Improved scenario

Gender gap in engineering graduates in 2030 Baseline data Improved scenario

Effect of narrowing the gender gap in STEM on GDP per capita Improvement in GDP per capita by 2.2 to 3.0% Improvement in GDP by €610 to €820 billion Improvement in GDP per capita by 0.7 to 0.9% Improvement in GDP by €130 to €180 billion Rapid improvement in gender equality Slow improvement in gender equality

Effect of narrowing the gender gap in STEM on employment 1.2 million jobs Effect on employment i (1000s) Rapid improvement in gender equality Slow improvement in gender equality

Effect of narrowing the gender gap in STEM on employment rate Overall employment rate (%) 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050 Rapid improvement in gender equality Slow improvement in gender equality

How to tackle gender segregation?

What and how? The EU must improve existing and introduce further gender equality measures Challenge gender stereotypes early on (from kindergarten) and in a comprehensive manner (all policy areas require sufficient attention) To better support teachers to really implement gender equality and to pay a higher attention on counselling and mentoring services To increase gender mainstreaming in school curricula Measures going beyond the education system (i.e. media, family, funding… ) and also attention not only to attract but also to retain a gender balanced workforce Make work-life balance provisions available for both women and men The objective of gender equality policy should not necessarily be a homogenisation of the labour market by gender, although gendered roles shall be equally valued and remunerated

Thank you! Gedimino pr. 16, LT-01103 Vilnius, Lithuania http://eige.europa.eu http://twitter.com/eurogender http://ww.facebook.com/eige.europa.eu http://www.youtube.com/eurogender http://eurogender.eige.europa.eu