GHG methodology for bio fuels, energy and heat Netherlands, Kees Kwant, chairman working group

Content Need for Sustainability Criteria Development of Methodology Chain Issues An Example Specific Points Follow Up

GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN

1. NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA Environmental groups and Parliament are concerned about sustainability of biomass Application of criteria for sustainability in relevant policy instruments for biofuels and electricity production A wider application of sustainability indicators by private sector is desirable

APPROACH AND ASSIGNMENT Establishment of a project group ‘Sustainable production of biomass’ Chairman: Prof. Jacqueline Cramer Assignment: Formulation of testable criteria which can be applied in policy instruments for biofuels and electricity production Consultation of stakeholders to ensure public support Specific working groups for further development of indicators

2. Methodology: General approach GHG calculation ISO 14040 LCA guidelines IPPC guidelines CDM and YI guidelines IEA task 38 experience UK, B, NL experience with GHG in support schemes Methodology discussed with UK Ministry of Transport, EC, JRC, IFEU, VROM and IEA Bioenergy task 38 Report written by CE (Geert Bergsma) and UU (Veronika Dornburg)

GHG reduction for bio chains GHG fossil chain – GHG bio-chain GHG fossil chain Complete fossil chain and complete bio chain needed Causality of all changes caused by bio chain are leading Practical approach

Bio-chain and fossil reference chain for GHG calculations

3. Bio chain issues The bio-chain involves the following GHG emissions: Emissions associated with biomass production, specifically: Emissions from use of agricultural machinery. Emissions from fertilizer production. Emissions from fertilizer use (N2O). Emissions embodied in changes in biomass carbon stocks. Emissions embodied in changes in soil carbon balance. The GHG impact of residues from agricultural production. Emissions from biomass transport. Emissions from biomass pre-treatment. Emissions associated with the energy used for pre-treatment. The GHG impact of co-products from conversion.

Reference issues The reference fossil energy chain involves the following GHG emissions: Emissions from mining. Emissions from transport of coal, gas, oil or electricity. Emissions from conversion to petrol, electricity or heat. For bio-chains based on crops grown specifically for energy purposes, the reference consists of: A reference for land use, carbon stocks and soil carbon. Reference means how the land was used before the crops are cultivated. The reference production on this land (i.e. the GHG impact of displacement of prior production on the land) The reference fossil energy chain.

4. Example: CO2 efficiency bioethanol from wheat Start: Standard: CO2 reduction: - 87 % Stap 1. change natural gas in Straw Boiler + 20 % Stap 2: Change Fertilizer to Annimal Manure , N fertilizer =0 + 28 % Stap 3: Change to tractor on biodiesel, diesel = 0 + 42 %

Production chain of bio-energy from crop residues and other wastes

5. Specific points 1 Allocation to residues and byproducts: System extension (ISO) preferred method but alternatives in difficult cases after stakeholder disc. Possible Based on Economic value Based on Energetic value Direct Land use change GHG effects Included in method with IPCC data Displacement of production Not in the tool because of complexity Macro impact assessments needed

Specific points 2. Reference residue use Included in the methodology Reference fossil energy production Well to wheel study leading for fuels Monitoring RE leading for elec +heat Default value setting and freedom of parameter choice in calc tool Correlated parameters (yield and fertilizers) are combined parameters Conservative default values for easy to get important data Typical default values for difficult to get not too important data

6. Follow Up and Recommendations Tool is being built in the Netherlands and UK Streamline the gathering of information for the GHG tool and the biodiversity impact assessment Work together with other European Countries and the European Commission towards a European GHG tool Evaluate methodology and tools in 1-2 years’ time

Thank You for your Attention Further information: www.energytransition.nl Click on Downloads K.Kwant@SenterNovem.nl Or Ella Lammers Secretariat projectgroup E.Lammers@SenterNovem.nl