Chapter 19-1 Solids Wastes.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 19-1 Solids Wastes

Solid Waste Solid waste - any discarded solid material Garbage, refuse, or sludges Coffee grounds to cars

The Numbers! Every year, the United States generates more than 10 billion metric tons of solid waste.

Solid Waste The amount of solid waste each American produces each year has more than doubled since the 1960s One time use!

Take my garbage – please! 1987 - a barge was loaded with 3,200 tons of garbage and left the town of Islip, New York, in search of a place to unload its waste. Sailed for more than five months but no one would accept the garbage.

Homeless Garbage The garbage was finally burned in New York, and the 430 tons of ash sent to Islip to be buried.

Waste Disposal Getting harder to dispose of the waste we create Human population continues to grow Available land decreases.

Solid Waste Today, the average person living in the United States produces 4.4 pounds of solid waste per day. Over 311 million people in the U.S.

Biodegradable Biodegradable material - material that can be broken down by biological processes.

Nonbiodegradable Nonbiodegradable - material cannot be broken down by biological processes.

Biodegradable Plant and animal matter Products made from natural materials Newspapers Paper bags Cotton fibers Leather

Not Biodegradable Synthetic compounds are not biodegradable.

Nonbiodegradable Nonbiodegradable: Polyester Nylon Plastics

Plastics Made from petroleum or natural gas Consist mostly of carbon and hydrogen

Plastics Combine elements in molecular chains not found in nature. Microorganisms - have not developed ways to break down the molecular structures

Plastics Some plastics may accumulate and last for hundreds of years.

Municipal Solid Wastes Municipal solid waste - waste produced by households and businesses Growing much faster than the amount of mining or agricultural waste

Landfills Landfill - area of land or an excavation where wastes are placed for permanent disposal

Landfills More than 50% of the municipal and manufacturing solid waste in the United States ends up in landfills

Landfills Waste must not come into contact with the soil and groundwater surrounding the landfill. Cover wastes each day with a layer of soil and plastic

Leachate Leachate - liquid that has passed through solid waste Extracts dissolved materials from waste Pesticides in the soil.

Leachate Problem for landfills May contain chemicals from paints, pesticides, cleansers, cans, batteries, and appliances

Methane and Landfills Methane - forms from organic wastes decomposing no oxygen. Can be be pumped out Can seep through the ground and into basements of nearby homes and cause explosions

The Problem Landfill materials are not decomposing as fast as we can fill landfills. Even biodegradable materials take several years to decompose

Incinerators 1999 - the U.S. had 102 operational incinerators that were capable of burning up to 94,000 metric tons of municipal solid waste per day. Incinerated materials do not disappear Weight of solid waste is reduced.

Incinerators Can release small amounts of poisonous gases and particles of toxic heavy metals into the air