Birth and Death of a Solar Electron Baby Minus He was always so negative Dave Strenski January 2017

Could add $22.6 billon to Michigan’s economy every year! Michigan Energy Overview Michigan Public Service Commission, LARA, October 2011 Michigan is relatively limited in most energy resources and imports 97% of its petroleum needs, 82% of its natural gas and 100% of coal and nuclear fuel from other states and nations. These imports account for about 72 cents of every dollar spent for energy by Michigan’s citizens and businesses. Michigan spent a total of $31.3 billion on all forms of energy in 2009 and of that amount $22.6 billion was for the energy resources imported from other states and nations. http://www.dleg.state.mi.us/mpsc/reports/energy/energyoverview/ Could add $22.6 billon to Michigan’s economy every year! Slide 2

sun photovoltaic panels disconnect inverter utility meters 2005 2005 2005 2005 2007 2008 photovoltaic panels 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 Sunny Boy 325 Reverse Meter Forward Meter disconnect inverter KWH KWH 100 9885 534 327 utility meters KWH Gen Meter store meters breaker panel

Tracking systems Seasonal fixed panels Fixed panels Steeper for more uniform annual power Flatter for maximum annual power

Silicon [Si] + n shell 3 14 protons 14 neutrons shell 1 shell 2 valence electrons

Silicon [Si] + n shell 3 14 protons 14 neutrons shell 1 shell 2 valence electrons

silicon doped with phosphorus (few extra electrons) Building a Solar Cell wires on the top silicon doped with phosphorus (few extra electrons) silicon doped with boron (holes, few less electrons) wires on the bottom

electrons migrate up photons holes migrate down

Mono and Polycrystalline Silicon Amorphous Silicon Uni-solar Made in Michigan

sun photovoltaic panels disconnect inverter utility meters 2005 2005 2005 2005 2007 2008 photovoltaic panels 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 Sunny Boy 325 Reverse Meter Forward Meter disconnect inverter KWH KWH 100 9885 534 327 utility meters KWH Gen Meter store meters breaker panel

Shuts offs if grid is down Displays power generated time voltage AC DC UL listed Clean power Shuts offs if grid is down Powered by solar Quite and Cool Displays power generated AC out DC in

Standard breaker 240 volt, 20 amp back fed

4:00 am forwards OFF

8:00 am forwards direct current alternating current

11:00 am forwards direct current alternating current

1:00 pm backwards direct current alternating current

Power is distributed to the neighborhood Utility supplies power to the transmission lines Solar panels start generating power

One less shovelful of coal is needed at the utility power plant Power is distributed to the neighborhood Utility supplies power to the transmission lines Solar panels start generating power

Solar Economics 2000 sq. ft. home 440 KWH/month (average) 18c per KWH (2015) 440/30 = 14.7 KWH (day), round up to 15 KWH per day on average Solar Economics

Solar Economics 2000 sq. ft. home 440 KWH/month (average) 18c per KWH (2015) 440/30 = 14.7 KWH (day), round up to 15 KWH per day on average Solar Economics 4 hour of sun per day, assumes panels are facing south tilted at latitude. Assume 80% system efficiency 15 KWH / 4 hr * 1.2 = 4.5 KW (added 20% for efficiency) 4500 watt would be about 18 solar panels at 250w per panel.

Solar Economics 2000 sq. ft. home 440 KWH/month (average) 18c per KWH (2015) 440/30 = 14.7 KWH (day), round up to 15 KWH per day on average Solar Economics 4 hour of sun per day, assumes panels are facing south tilted at latitude. Assume 80% system efficiency 15 KWH / 4 hr * 1.2 = 4.5 KW (added 20% for efficiency) 4500 watt would be about 18 solar panels at 250w per panel. Solar installation cost = $3 per watt 4500w * $3/w = $13500 $13,500 * 0.3 = -$4050 30% Federal tax credit $9450 (price of a used car) Cost of electricity for 440kwh/month 0 2015 = 18.0¢ 1 2016 = 18.0 * 1.05 = 18.9¢ 2 2017 = 18.9 * 1.05 = 19.8¢ 3 2018 = 19.8 * 1.05 = 20.8¢ 4 2019 = 20.8 * 1.05 = 21.9¢ 5 2020 = 21.9 * 1.05 = 23.0¢ 6 2021 = 23.0 * 1.05 = 24.1¢ 7 2022 = 24.1 * 1.05 = 25.3¢ 8 2023 = 25.3 * 1.05 = 26.6¢ 9 2024 = 26.6 * 1.05 = 27.9¢ yrs 18¢ 20¢ 22¢ 24¢ 26¢ 2 $1,901 $2,112 $2,323 $2,534 $2,746 4 $3,802 $4,224 $4,646 $5,069 $5,491 6 $5,702 $6,336 $6,970 $7,603 $8,237 8 $8,448 $9,293 $10,137 $10,982 10 $9,504 $10,560 $11,616 $12,672 $13,728

30% Federal Tax Credit for PV 2017 to 2019 – 30% 2020 – 26% 2021 – 22% Beginning in 2022 10% for commercial and third party- owned residential 0% for host-owned residential

Solar Economics

Economics of Scale Intel 80486 PC Purchased in 1990 for $2000 16 MB of Memory, 50 MHz clock 50 pounds and BIG. Samsung Galaxy Nexus 2013 for $200 32 GB , 1.2 GHz clock, dual-core 5 ounces and fits in your pocket 23 years = 10x cheaper, 2000x memory, 48x faster, 160x lighter

33% use 67% lost 79% lost 21% use

Ypsilanti Solar Photovoltaic Case Studies

Solar Ypsilanti: SolarYpsi.org Ypsilanti Food Cooperative: 734-483-1520 YpsiFoodCoop.org City of Ypsilanti: 734-483-1100 CityofYpsilanti.com Federal Tax Incentives: www.energy.gov/taxbreaks.htm DTE Energy Solar Currents: www.dteenergy.com/solar Great Lakes Renewable Energy Association: www.glrea.org Midwest Renewable Energy Association: www.the-mrea.org HomePower magazine: www.homepower.com Solar Today magazine: www.solartoday.org Solar Tour: www.nationalsolartour.org