C4: Ecosystems & Communities Ecology SLO: Students will be able to explain the interdependence of matter, energy and living things and how it effects an organisms ability to survive in nature. C3: The Biosphere C4: Ecosystems & Communities 3.1 What is Ecology? 3.2 Energy, Producers, and Consumers 3.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystems 3.4 Cycles of Matter 4.1 Climate 4.2 Niches & Community Interactions 4.3 Succession 4.4 Biomes 4.5 Aquatic Ecosystems

Chapter 3: The Biosphere - Part 1 ECOLOGY Chapter 3: The Biosphere - Part 1

Ecology:the study of the interactions of living organisms with each other and their environment.

BIOSPHERE: the portion of Earth that supports life . . . Air Land Water

Levels of Organization (pg. 64) Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Species

Inorganic /Abiotic factors . . . (the non-living environment) Wind Temperature Moisture Light Soil Minerals Fire

List the abiotic and biotic Factors in the picture below.

Biotic vs Abiotic Factors Bozeman Biology http://www.bozemanscience.com/020-biotic-and-abiotic-factors 10.02 min Question: Compare and contrast abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem.

3.2 Energy, Producers, and Consumers (Pages 69-72) How do different organisms get the energy they need to survive?

3.2 Energy, Producers Autotrophs – capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and convert it into forms that living cells can use. Primary producers – producers of energy-rich compounds later used by other organisms – essential to energy flow Photosynthesis – energy from the sun Chemosynthesis – use chemical energy to form carbohydrates

3.2 Consumers Heterotrophs – must acquire energy from other organisms Consumers – organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients - ingest other organisms to obtain energy - types of consumers (pg. 71 – make a chart of consumer types)

3.3 Energy flow in ecosystems How does energy move through an ecosytems?

3.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystems Autotrophs – organisms that collects energy from the sun or inorganic substances to produce food, also called producers. Examples: all types of plants

3.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystems Heterotrophs – organisms that ingests/eat other organisms, also called consumers. Examples: animals, fungi Several different types of consumers; see page 71.

Ecological (Energy) Pyramid Omnivores - eat anything Carnivores - eat meat Insectivores - eat insects Herbivores - eat plants Producers - make own food Trophic level = feeding step

The 10 Percent Rule (pg. 77)

Energy Flow in Ecosystems (7:45 min)

Food chain – shows how energy flows producer herbivore omnivore omnivore producer 1st order consumer 2nd order consumer 3rd order consumer

Focus Questions: Identify and write three food chains from the food web on page 75 in the text.

Food web: interconnected food chains Organisms almost always eat, and are eaten by, many different organisms.

chicken grass deer caterpillar hawk frog seeds snake beetle coyote turkey human rabbit

chicken grass deer caterpillar hawk frog seeds snake beetle coyote turkey human rabbit

Focus Questions: Compare a food chain with a food web. Which is a more accurate representation of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem? Justify your answer, give supporting details.

Can you name the relationships between organisms in this slide? THE END!