Word Wall experiment inference sample observation predict data control group investigation survey testable dependent variable Independent variable model

What do scientists do? Nature is full of questions and mysteries. Scientists look for answers to questions about the natural world. Scientists collect clues to nature’s mysteries. Scientists try to figure out what the clues mean.

What is a scientific question? (Testable Question) Many questions that scientists ask begin with What, How, When, Where. Scientific questions can be answered by gathering observations or measurements, called data Good questions for investigation are testable Emphasize the difference between scientific questions (data can be gathered) and non-scientific questions (no data can be gathered). Scientific: How deep is the puddle? (deep can be measured) Non-Scientific: Is the puddle big or small? (big or small mean different things to different people)

How Can We Recognize a Testable Question?   Can be answered by an investigation. Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill.

Notes Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill.

Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Answer this question and model for students how you identify if it is a testable question

testable evidence Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence testable How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? evidence Can be answered by an investigation. Allows for collection of data. Can be tested with supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Have students answer question in their interactive journal. Use this question to model. After students have written down their answer in their journal. Have a discussion with the class about the answer.

Notes Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? testable

What is motion? Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence Have students answer question in their interactive journal. Use this question to model. After students have written down their answer in their journal. Have a discussion with the class about the answer.

Not testable evidence What is motion? Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence Not testable What is motion? evidence Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book. .

Model Not Testable Testable Note: If you run out of space to write Add an additional piece of paper to Make a flip book. Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Not Testable What is motion? Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book. . We modeled how to create a flop chart in your interactive notebook. All modeling and explicit instruction is on the right so students have a point of reference when completing guided practice and independent work. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable

Model How can we make this a testable question? What is motion? Using criteria for testable question. Make this a testable question. Have students answer question in their interactive journal. Use this question to model. After students have written down their answer in their journal. Have a discussion with the class about the answer. Model how to make write a testable question.

Model Making it Testable Not Testable Testable Note: If you run out of space to write Add an additional piece of paper to Make a flip book. Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Not Testable What is motion? Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book. . Making it Testable What is motion? Ex. How can adding mass affect the motion of an airplane. Now you write an example. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable

How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Guided Practice Is this a testable question? Cite evidence How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Have students answer question in their interactive journal. Use this as guided practice. Teachers are to walk around and facilitate and assist students. After students have written down their answer in their journal. Have a discussion with the class about the answer.

Guided Practice Testable How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable

Guided Practice Is this a testable question? Cite evidence testable How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? evidence Can be answered by an investigation. Allows for collection of data. Can be tested with supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill.

Guided Practice Testable Testable How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Testable Can be answered by an investigation. Allows for collection of data. Can be tested with supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable

Exit Slip Is this a testable question? Cite evidence Question: Which questions are testable? Is this a testable question? Cite evidence How does the mass of a ball affect the distance the ball travels? 2. Does a push make a ball roll across the floor? 3. How does changing the diameter of a ball affect how fast it travels? 4. Why does friction slow down motion? 5. How do I measure distance? Use the Testable question Pattern puzzle document and answer key. Stop here the next topic is experimental design. For those that are not testable questions write them as a testable question.

How do scientist answer questions? Different kinds of scientific questions require different kinds of investigations Model Survey Sampling Experiment Investigation––An organized scientific study of the natural world that may include making systematic observations, asking questions, gathering information, analyzing data, summarizing results, drawing conclusions, and/or communicating results.

How do scientist answer questions? Sometimes gives a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. A scientist must design an controlled experiment to test the hypothesis. Scientists must change one variable to see if it affects the experiment the way that was predicted They must compare the results to a control group, a group that did not have the variable changed The scientist gets clues to the answer by comparing the two groups. Then scientist must repeat the investigation at least three times to insure their data is valid Predict— To state what one thinks will happen under certain conditions based on data or observation. Control group— A group in a scientific experiment that serves as a reference for comparison to the experimental group; a group that is untreated by the factor being tested. Experiment–– A scientific test or procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to answer a scientific question

Variables The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens. The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable. For example, if you open a faucet (the independent variable), the quantity of water flowing (dependent variable)

Variables Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. For example, if we want to measure how much water flow increases when we open a faucet, it is important to make sure that the water pressure (the controlled variable) is held constant. That's because both the water pressure and the opening of a faucet have an impact on how much water flows. If we change both of them at the same time, we can't be sure how much of the change in water flow is because of the faucet opening and how much because of the water pressure. In other words, it would not be a fair test. Most experiments have more than one controlled variable. Some people refer to controlled variables as "constant variables." In a good experiment, the scientist must be able to measure the values for each variable.

What is the IV, DV and CV? Model A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. IV – What are we testing? Tire treads DV – What will respond to the IV ? What is the data you write down? Braking distance of car. CV – What will you keep the same to insure it is a fair test? the type of tire. Explain to the students: IV: What you are testing. DV: Is your results, what’s responding to the IV CV: What you keep the same .

Guided Practice Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down. Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. Model: A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. IV – Tire treads DV – Braking distance of car. CV – the type of tire.

The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. Guided Practice The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. Have students answer question in their interactive journal. Use this as guided practice. Teachers are to walk around and facilitate and assist students. After students have written down their answer in their journal. Have a discussion with the class about the answer.

Guided Practice Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down. Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. Model: A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. IV: ____________ DV: _________ CV: ___________ IV – Tire treads DV – Braking distance of car. CV – the type of tire.