1. By: Candice Glover Bullock IGIT SC.5.N.1.1 Practice of Science

2. Benchmark: SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations; experiments requiring the identification of variables; collecting and organizing data; interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics; analyze information; make predictions; and defend conclusions. Essential Question: How do scientists answer questions about the natural world? Home Learning:

3. Word Wall

4. What do scientists do?  Nature is full of questions and mysteries.  Scientists look for answers to questions about the natural world.  Scientists collect clues to nature’s mysteries.  Scientists try to figure out what the clues mean.

5. What is a scientific question? (Testable Question) Many questions that scientists ask begin with What, How, When, Where. Scientific questions can be answered by gathering observations or measurements, called data G ood questions for investigation are testable

6. 1.Can be answered by an investigation. 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. How Can We Recognize a Testable Question?

7. 1.Can be answered by an investigation 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Notes

8. How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence

9. How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence 1.Can be answered by an investigation. 2.Allows for collection of data. 3.Can be tested with supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill.

10. 1.Can be answered by an investigation 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Notes Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object?

11. What is motion? Is this a testable question? Cite evidence Model

12. Is this a testable question? Cite evidence 1.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book.. What is motion? Model

13. 1.Can be answered by an investigation 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable Note: If you run out of space to write Add an additional piece of paper to Make a flip book. What is motion? 1.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book.. Not Testable Model

14. What is motion? How can we make this a testable question? Using criteria for testable question. Make this a testable question. Model

15. 1.Can be answered by an investigation 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable Note: If you run out of space to write Add an additional piece of paper to Make a flip book. What is motion? 1.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book.. Not Testable What is motion? Ex. How can adding mass effect the motion of an airplane. Now you write an example. Making it Testable Model

16. Guided Practice How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Is this a testable question? Cite evidence

17. How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? 1.Can be answered by an investigation 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Guided Practice Testable

18. Guided Practice How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Is this a testable question? Cite evidence 1.Can be answered by an investigation. 2.Allows for collection of data. 3.Can be tested with supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill.

19. How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? 1.Can be answered by an investigation 2.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. 3.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Guided Practice 1.Can be answered by an investigation. 2.Allows for collection of data. 3.Can be tested with supplies and equipment. 4.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. 5.Does not ask how to perform a skill. Testable

20. Question: Which questions are testable? 1.How does the mass of a ball affect the distance the ball travels? 2. Does a push make a ball roll across the floor? 3. How does changing the diameter of a ball affect how fast it travels? 4. Why does friction slow down motion? 5. How do I measure distance? Exit Slip Is this a testable question? Cite evidence For those that are not testable questions write them as a testable question.

21. How do scientist answer questions? Different kinds of scientific questions require different kinds of investigations Model Survey Sampling Experiment

22. How do scientist answer questions ? Sometimes gives a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. A scientist must design an controlled experiment to test the hypothesis. Scientists must change one variable to see if it affects the experiment the way that was predicted They must compare the results to a control group, a group that did not have the variable changed The scientist gets clues to the answer by comparing the two groups. Then scientist must repeat the investigation at least three times to insure their data is valid

23. The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens.fair test The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable. For example, if you open a faucet (the independent variable), the quantity of water flowing (dependent variable) Variables

24. Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. For example, if we want to measure how much water flow increases when we open a faucet, it is important to make sure that the water pressure (the controlled variable) is held constant. That's because both the water pressure and the opening of a faucet have an impact on how much water flows. If we change both of them at the same time, we can't be sure how much of the change in water flow is because of the faucet opening and how much because of the water pressure. In other words, it would not be a fair test. Most experiments have more than one controlled variable. Some people refer to controlled variables as "constant variables." In a good experiment, the scientist must be able to measure the values for each variable. Variables

25. Model IV – What are we testing? Tire treads DV – What will respond to the IV ? What is the data you write down? Braking distance of car. CV – What will you keep the same to insure it is a fair test? the type of tire. A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. What is the IV, DV and CV?

26. Guided Practice Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down. Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. Model: A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. IV – Tire treads DV – Braking distance of car. CV – the type of tire.

27. Guided Practice The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.

28. IV: ____________ DV: _________ CV: ___________ Guided Practice Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down. Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. Model: A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. IV – Tire treads DV – Braking distance of car. CV – the type of tire.

29. Guided Practice The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. IV: running speed DV: time CV: the distance (one mile), same person running.

30. Control Group Control group - A group in an experiment that serves as a comparison to the independent variable; a group that is untreated. It is important to have a control group to see if your experiment is working. Ex. Naomi was testing the effect of fertilizer on the growth rate of her tomato plants. In group A she gave 30 grams of fertilizer. Group B received no fertilizer. NOTE: All experiments will not have a control group.

31. Model Ex. Naomi was testing the effect of fertilizer on the growth rate of her tomato plants. In group A she gave 30 grams of fertilizer. Group B received no fertilizer. IV: fertilizer (Group A) DV: growth rate of plant CG: No fertilizer (Group B) Naomi can compare the growth rate of group A and B to see if the fertilizer is having an effect.

32. Guided Practice A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. IV: _________________ DV: ________________ CG : ________________ CV: _________________

33. The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed. IV: ____________ DV: _________ CV: ___________ Guided Practice A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. IV: _________________ DV: ________________ CG : ________________ CV: _________________ Control Group : Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down. Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. Model: A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. Control group - A group in an experiment that serves as a comparison to the independent variable; a group that is untreated.

34. Exit Slip Complete Identifying Variables and Control Group Worksheet

35. How do scientists keep records? Scientists keep careful records of their investigations in an interactive journal Scientists record their hypothesis. Scientists carefully describe their procedures Scientists record their observations and the data that they collect Data

36. How do scientists collect and organize data? Data provides clues to help scientists figure out the answer to their question Scientists keep careful records of their data in their journal Data is recorded on a spread sheet right away Data is recorded even if the scientist thinks that it may be wrong Data must include both numbers and units of measure.

37. How to create a data table? Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 DV IV

38. Cameron wanted to investigate which of his family cars used the least amount of gas. He hypothesized the Nissan Sentra would use the least amount of gas. For the next three weeks they drove the same cars, the same distance at the same time of day. He recorded his observations below: Honda Accord - Week 1- 30 gallons, Week 2 -28 gallons Week 3- 31 gallons. Toyota Camry - Week 1 -24 gallons, Week 2 -25 gallons Week 3 -24 gallons Nissan Sentra – Week 1 - 18 gallons Week 2 - 19 gallons Week 3- 27 gallons Honda Civic – Week1 - 10 gallons Week 2 - 9 gallons Week 3 - 9 gallons Put the above data in a data table. Model

39. Type of Car Honda Accord 302831 Honda Civic 1099 Toyota Camry Week 1Week 2Week 3 Nissan Sentra Amount of Gas Used in gallons 24 25 24 18 19 27

40. How does data provide clues to answer the scientific question? Scientists must try to understand what the data means They make graphs of their data to help them understand the clues Scientists analyze the data to help them explain the answer to their question Only average data needs to be graphed so that the patterns can be compared.

41. How does data answer the question? Scientists look for patterns in the data Only accurate data is good data Measuring must be done carefully and correctly Trials must be repeated many times in order to find patterns Data must be compared to the original prediction Clear patterns in the data help to answer the scientific question

42. Let’s analyze our data Which car used the least amount of gas? Which car used the most amount of gas? If Cameron was driving a long distance which car would be best to drove based on data? Which car did not drive the same distance each week? Explain

43. 1. Which car used the least amount of gas? 2. Which car used the most amount of gas? 3.If Cameron was driving a long distance which car would be best to drove based on data? 4. Which car did not drive the same distance each week? Explain

44. How to use the data to answer the question? A conclusion is an explanation about what the data from an investigation showed. It answers the question The conclusion must be based on observations and gathered data In your journal write a conclusion for Cameron’s data.

45. Write a conclusion utilizing data. Exit Slip

46. Share and Write Accountable Talk

47.  Pair Share  Find a partner  Taller partner talk for 30 seconds to shorter partner, Talk about things that a scientist does to find answers to questions about the natural world  Shorter partner talk for 30 seconds to taller partner, talk about more things that a scientist does to find answers to questions about the natural world Work with your partner

48. Write a summary paragraph to explain why variables are important in an experiment. Include a topic sentence, at least 4 detail sentences, and a concluding sentence.