Development AP HuG

It is always geographically uneven Development: Processes that bring about changes in economic prosperity and the quality of life It is always geographically uneven

Choose a country from the front board and tape it on the Development continuum on the back wall – MDC= most developed countries LDC= less developed countries

Countries that are considered to be developed - MDCs US Canada Australia New Zealand Japan Most of Europe

Developing Countries Rest of the world – Transition countries – like Russia, Eastern Europe Developing – China, Mexico, Brazil LDCs – least developed – majority of Africa, Myanmar, Laos, Afghanistan

How can you tell where a country is on the development continuum? Lots of indicators involving: Economic indicators Human indicators

Collect Data Using three countries – one you think is an MDC, one a transition and one LDC – gather the statistics asked for – Directions on one of the sides.

Economic Indicators GDP GNP/GNI GNP/GNI per capita Inequality of wealth Inflation rate Unemployment rate Labor sector most are employed in (services, industry, agriculture) Economic growth (increase in GDP/ GNP)

Human Indicators Life Expectancy Infant mortality rate Poverty rate Access to basic services Health care Risk of disease Education Literacy rate Technology access Male/female equality Government spending on these indicators Human Indicators

There is no one way to measure development There is no one way to measure development. UN has developed the HDI – Human development Index as a way to try and standardize the measure of development.

HDI Includes: GDP per capita Life expectancy Adult literacy rate Total enrollment in education as a percentage of the total school age population Measured on scale of 0-1

Models of Development

Rostow’s Modernization model or Ladder of Development Assumes all countries follow a similar path to development / modernization

Stage 1 - Traditional Economy is based on subsistence agriculture and bartering. Little infrastructure to support investment

2 – Preconditions for take-off Belief in economic progress Business class emerges Agriculture starts to become commercialized Productivity begins to increase

3 – Take Off Change from a traditional economy to modern economy and society High rates of investment Adopting new technologies Rapid expansion of manufacturing

4 - Maturity Sustained economic growth Ongoing industrialization Urbanization Economic expansion Different kinds of industries and services

5 – High Mass Consumption Most prosperous stage High levels of production High levels of consumption Sizeable service sector High per capita income More disposable income

World Systems Theory - Wallerstein Core Semi-Periphery Periphery

Barriers to Development

What would keep countries from developing?