Balance of Power The divisions in the United States in the mid-1800s were about States’ Rights and Political Power Slavery was the face of these differences,

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Presentation transcript:

Balance of Power The divisions in the United States in the mid-1800s were about States’ Rights and Political Power Slavery was the face of these differences, but NOT the cause of these differences.

North South Industrial Urban Wage labor High Tariffs Powerful national gov South Agricultural Rural Slave labor Low tariffs States’ Rights (powerful state gov)

Congress: House of Representatives: Senate: Every state has 2 Senators Votes are based on population Urban North has more votes Senate: Every state has 2 Senators 11 Free states have 22 votes 11 slave states have 22 votes 1819- Missouri applies for statehood, threatens to tip power balance…

Tallmadge Amendment Law suggested in 1819 that said: Missouri could only enter the Union as a Free state Passed in the House of Reps (north had more votes) Blocked in the Senate (north and south have equal votes) Never became law This was a WARNING to the south (they must keep the balance of power or the North would have the power to pass laws against southern interests!)

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri would enter Union as a Slave State Maine would enter Union as a Free State This would maintain the balance of power in the Senate 12 to 12 3. 36* 30’ line: and imaginary line drawn across Louisiana territory North of the line slavery was banned South of the line slavery was allowed This kept the country together but few were pleased

Gag Rule The growing Abolition movement of the 1830s pressured Congress to interfere with slavery Congress believed it didn’t have the power to interfere During the 1830s Congress tabled all talk of slavery and refused to take up any debate on the topic of slavery This worked to hold the country together, but only until new Territories were added to the country in the 1840s.

Wilmot Proviso A suggested law in 1846 To prohibit slavery in territories added to the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War Passed in the House of Reps (north had more votes) Blocked in the Senate (north and south have equal votes) Never became law This was a WARNING to the south (they must keep the balance of power or the North would have the power to pass laws against southern interests)

1849 California Applies for Statehood Settled during the gold rush The people of California do not own slaves Southern states fearing a loss of power reject the request Dead lock

The Senate Debates California statehood Discuss these questions. Make sure everyone in at your table can answer them from the perspective you have been assigned How do you think Congress should settle the issue of slavery? What do you think Congress should do about fugitive slaves? Should California be granted statehood? Why or why not? Will the admission of California into the Union keep the country together or pull it apart? Why?