PUMP JACK/LADDER JACK SCAFFOLD PHOTO COMPLIANCE GUIDE Notes: This manual is a product of the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This guide was created to help the residential construction industry more easily understand the OSHA pump jack and ladder jack standards. Home builders in the west suburban Chicago area told us they had difficulty understanding the scaffold regulations, giving rise to the idea of using photos to communicate the regulations. The photo compliance guide walks the reader through the OSHA pump jack and ladder jack regulations, standard by standard. Thanks go to Aurora Area Office compliance staff Bay Pahati, Dave Morgan, John Maronic, John "Nuke" Newquist for the photographs. Special recognition is given to Nuke for scanning the photos and putting this information together. We strongly encourage the reproduction and use of this document!

Expanded view of scaffold leg footing. Aurora Area Office 1997 Scaffold of the Year Judged the Worst Scaffold of the Year By Our Compliance Staff Location: Winfield, IL Photos: Dave Morgan 20' high -- No Guardrails Expanded view of scaffold leg footing.

Note: Strapping was used to hold platforms together. Pumpjack - 11 Photo: John Newquist 1926.451(b)(4): Each scaffold platform shall extend over its end support at least 6 inches. Violation: The right platform is not 6 inches over the pump jack bracket.

Photo: Bay Pahati Scaf - 36 1926.451(c)(2)(i): Footing shall be capable of preventing displacement. Siding contractor putting a wood pump jack leg onto a welded frame scaffold. Violation: Use of another scaffold as a footing can cause displacement by allowing scaffold planks to shift out from under the left leg resulting in its collapse.

Pumpjack - 6 Photo: John Maronic 1926.451(c)(2)(i): Footing shall be sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Violation: Soil is undercutting beneath the plywood because it was not compacted and protected from water.

Note: Use 3/4 inch plywood at least 12 x 12 inch wide and center the leg in the middle. The plywood should be staked in the ground and the leg secured from lateral movement. Pumpjack - 5 Photo: John Maronic (wording removed from slide: “Violation: Pieces of scrap lumber used as footing does not provide adequate support.”) 1926.451(c)(4)(i): Footing shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement.

1926.451(e)(1): Safe access shall be provided to scaffolds. No violation: Ladder arranged so that worker can step onto scaffold directly from the ladder. Note: Fall protection is deficient, no mid rails. Pumpjack - 7 Photo: John Maronic

Violation: Ends are not guarded on this narrow scaffold. 1926.451(g)(1): Guardrails are required at all open sides and ends of scaffolds. Violation: Ends are not guarded on this narrow scaffold. Note: Nailing guardrails onto wood poles is not practical for siding. Pumpjack - 14 Photo: John Newquist

Note: Many Alum-a-pole scaffolds have a gap of 30 inches between the work platforms. This space would need midrail protection. Pumpjack - 2 Photo: John Newquist (Wording removed from slide: “No violation: Midrail is half way between.”) 1926.451(g)(4)(iv): When midrails are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface.

1926.451(g)(4)(ix): Midrails shall have 150 lbs. strength capacity. No violation: Ladder was secured to pump jack brackets and poles giving required strength. Note: Access is good. Pumpjack - 10 Photo: John Newquist

No violation: The top is secured by metal bracing. Pumpjack - 1 Photo: Bay Pahati 1926.452(j)(2): Pumpjack poles shall be secured to the structure at the top by the use of rigid triangular bracing or equivalent. No violation: The top is secured by metal bracing.

1926.452(j)(2): Pumpjack poles shall be secured to the structure at the bottom by the rigid triangular bracing or equivalent. No violation: Pump jack pole is secured to mudsill of 3/4 inch plywood which is staked into the ground. Pumpjack - 3 Photo: John Newquist

1926.452(j)(2): Poles shall be secured at the top by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent. Note: Aurora, Illinois OSHA office recommendation is that play is no more than 3/4 inch in either direction. Also, wood gusset is to be 3/4 inch thick plywood, 18 inches wide, 5' to 8' in length, secured with 4 sixteen penny nails, and nailed through roof deck into truss/rafter. Pumpjack - 9 Photo: John Newquist (Wording removed from slide: “Violation: Too much play in plywood laterally to be considered rigid.”)

1926.452(j)(3): When work benches are used for fall protection, they must meet requirements of 1926.451(g): No violation: No midrail is needed because gap between platforms is 23 inches. The work bench can serve as a top rail because the vertical distance from the platform is 23 inches + 4 inch thick platform + 12 inch horizontal plank width = 39 inches. Pumpjack - 4 Photo: John Newquist

1926.452(j)(3): Workbench may be used as a top rail if it meets the requirements for guardrails in 1926.451(g)(4). Note: Platform must be secured to meet guardrail strength of 200 lbs. Pumpjack - 8 Photo: John Newquist (Wording removed from slide: “No violation: Platform vertical distance is 24 inches + 4 inch thick bench + 12 inch horizontal work bench distance = 40 inches for equivalent top rail protection. 24 inch gap is acceptable midrail opening.”)

No violation: Seams are parallel to the bracket. 1926.452(j)(6): When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. No violation: Seams are parallel to the bracket. Pumpjack - 13 Photo: John Newquist

Violation: No mending plate at the splice. 1926.452(j)(3): When two by fours are spliced together to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. Violation: No mending plate at the splice. Pumpjack - 12 Photo: John Newquist

No violation: Scaffold is within 14 inches from the building. 1926.451(b)(3): Scaffold platform must be within 14 inches to the structure. No violation: Scaffold is within 14 inches from the building. 1926.451(e)(1): Safe access to scaffold shall be provided Violation: Safe access to scaffold not provided. Note: Access is poor. Ladder jack - 5 Photo: Bay Pahati

1926.451(e)(1): Safe access to scaffold shall be provided. Violation: Scaffold not set up to give safe access. Ladder jack - 7 Photo: John Newquist

Note: Worker wearing body harness with rope grab Note: Worker wearing body harness with rope grab. Anchorage strength must meet 1926.502(d). Rope grab should be adjusted to eliminate swing hazard. Ladder jack - 2 Photo: John Newquist 1926.451(e)(1): Safe access shall be provided to scaffolds over 2 feet in height. No violation of access requirement: Ladderjack scaffold ladder is set up so that worker steps from ladder to scaffold plank with no interference.

No violation: Ladder jack used at 5 feet. 1926.451(g)(1): Fall protection is required for each employee on a scaffold above 10 feet. No violation: Ladder jack used at 5 feet. Ladder jack - 1 Photo: Bay Pahati

Violation: No fall arrest on the 14 foot high scaffold. 1926.451(g)(1)(i): Employees on a ladder jack scaffold shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system when working above 10 feet. Violation: No fall arrest on the 14 foot high scaffold. Scaffold - 21 Type: Ladder jack scaffold

1926.451(g)(1)(i): Employees on ladder jack scaffold shall wear fall arrest. No violation: Employee wearing fall arrest while siding on the ladder jack. Note: Access is good. Ladderjack - 6 Photo: John Newquist

1926.451(g)(1)(i): Each employee on a ladder jack scaffold shall be protected by a fall arrest system. Note: Access is poor, no midrail was provided. Ladder jack - 3 Photo: Bay Pahati (Wording removed from slide: “Violation: This attempt at a guardrail system would not hold 25 lbs.. downward pressure.”)

Violation: Scaffold was 26 feet high. 1926.453(k)(1): Ladder jack scaffolds shall not exceed a height of 20 feet. Violation: Scaffold was 26 feet high. Ladder jack - 8 Photo: John Newquist

Violation: Both metal planks resting on a single ladder jack bracket. Scaffolds - 4 Type: Ladder jack scaffold 1926.452(k)(5): Ladder jack scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. Violation: Both metal planks resting on a single ladder jack bracket.

Violation: Ladder feet not stable on a sloped roof. 1926.1053(b)(6): Ladders must be used on level surfaces unless secured to prevent displacement. Violation: Ladder feet not stable on a sloped roof. Note: Ladder could have slideguard to prevent slipping. Ladder jack - 9 Photo: John Newquist

Expanded View - 30' high No intermediate tie-ins from pump jack. Chicken ladder used in lieu of fall arrest on roof. Scaffold - 38 Photo: John Maronic 1926.451(g)(1)(iii): Each employee on a crawling board (chicken ladder) shall be protected by personal fall arrest, guardrails, or by 3/4 inch grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Violation: No fall protection at edge of pump jack or on chicken ladder. No midrail on scaffold.

1926.21(b)(2): Employees shall be trained to avoid hazards. No violation: In this instance the use of scaffolding is not feasible for employees applying siding. Employees have been trained in adequate ladder use. Siding - 3 Photo: John Newquist

Violation: Sider on 18 foot roof with no fall or slide protection. 1926.501(b)(11): Employees on steep roofs over 6 feet shall have fall protection. Violation: Sider on 18 foot roof with no fall or slide protection. Note: Worker could use 2x4 slideguards (toeboards) when roof is less than 25 feet and between 4:12 and 8:12 pitch. Otherwise, fall arrest is required. Siding - 1 Photo: John Newquist

1926.501(b)(11): Fall protection is required for sloped roofs over 6 feet high. No violation: Adequate fall protection (2x4 inch slideguards) is used on this roof. Siding - 5 Photo: John Newquist

1926.1053(b)(6): Ladders shall be used on stable and level surfaces. Note: Ladder could be made level and stabilized by building a bracket on the roof. Fall protection would be required for access to the ladder. Siding - 2 Photo: Bay Pahati 1926.1053(b)(6): Ladders shall be used on stable and level surfaces. Violation: Ladder is not stabilized and is also on the slope (unlevel) portion of the roof.

Siding - 4 Photo: John Newquist 1926.451(c)(2)(ii): Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffold members. Violation: Step ladder supporting scaffold on left is not considered stable.