Division of Environmental Health and Safety UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO COLORADO SPRINGS Lab Safety Global Hazard System University of Colorado Colorado Springs Division of Environmental Health and Safety

Overview This training consists of four modules: Module 1: Background and Overview Module 2: Chemical Safety Module 3: Waste Management Module 4: Other Laboratory Hazards

Module 1: Background and Overview There are four primary regulations which govern how UCCS manages hazardous materials on campus. OSHA Hazard Communication (Right-to-know) – passed in 1983 significantly updated 2012 OSHA Laboratory Standard – passed in 1990 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) – originally passed in 1976 Colorado Springs Fire Department

UCCS’s Compliance Method UCCS has adopted a comprehensive approach to meeting these requirements. The elements incorporated in the comprehensive approach are: Campus-wide Laboratory Safety Manual Maintained by EHS – available online Laboratory Registration Updated annually by PI’s, lab managers Laboratory Chemical Inventories Laboratory Specific Safety Plans Prepared by PI’s, lab managers – reviewed at least annually or whenever processes change Comprehensive Training Programs Provided annually and on-line Live Green

UCCS’s Compliance Method WHY USE A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH? Consistent message across the campus in our approach to environmental, health and safety Allows UCCS to incorporate the requirements of several regulations into one document instead of multiple documents – reduces confusion as to which one applies in “this situation” Focuses on the specific hazards associated with any individual lab Allows us to incorporate not only chemical but also physical hazards into the same plan Reduces the number of different trainings that individuals have to participate in Live Green

Training A COMMON ELEMENT Depending on the nature of the work or research you conduct, you may need to take one or more of the courses listed on the following page. Please note that completing this lab safety course does not satisfy any other requirements. Your supervisor should inform you of which courses you need to take. Live Green

Training On-the-Job Training: You supervisor is required to lead you through individualized training for the conditions specific to your lab. Must be completed within 6 months of hire. Blood Borne Pathogens Training for Research: Required annually for all individuals who work with human blood, bodily fluids, tissues, organs, and/or cell cultures (including human cancer cell lines) or related materials. Biosafety Training: The purpose of this training module is to familiarize the Principal Investigator and lab personnel with good microbiological practices which include recognizing risk groups for biological materials, appropriate containment levels and personal protective clothing and equipment. Additional training in rDNA, shipping of biological materials, and/or animal safety may also be required. Radiation Safety Training: Required annually for all who work with radioactive materials. Respirator Training: An EHS risk assessment will determine if you need a respirator, and if so, the appropriate respirator training course will be assigned. Contact EHS for a risk assessment. You may also contact Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) with any questions you have regarding your training requirements. Contact information for EHS is available at the end of this course. Live Green

Training For all staff, faculty, instructors, student employees who work or teach in a lab / anyone who will handle hazardous chemicals or hazardous waste Complete your initial chemical safety and hazardous waste management training within 30 days of hire by taking the web-based Safety in the Laboratory course Complete an on-the-job training (OJT) form within 6 months of hire. You and your supervisor must work together to complete this training. Refresh your skills annually by taking the annual classroom course or the web-based course. http://www.uccs.edu/pusafety/environmental.html Live Green

Training If you supervise anyone who handles hazardous chemicals, you are responsible for conducting the OJT for your employees within six months of their hire, to address the specific safety requirements of their work activities and applicable safety precautions. See details of Supervisor/Principal Investigator responsibilities. Until they complete all their training requirements, new employees who handle chemicals must be directly supervised by trained employees who have current hazardous chemical management training. Live Green

UCCS Laboratory Safety Manual Sources of Chemical Information UCCS Laboratory Safety Manual Provides hazard and hazard control information for classes of chemicals and types of physical hazards SOP for handling chemicals safely SOP for addressing physical hazards Reviews engineering controls and PPE Addresses waste stream management Copy of LSM on the EHS website

Laboratory Specific Safety Plan Sources of Chemical Information Laboratory Specific Safety Plan Provides hazard and hazard control information for specific chemicals and physical hazards found in YOUR lab SOP for procedures unique to your lab Copy of LSSP should be in your individual labs and available to anyone who works in YOUR lab

Module 2: Chemical Safety Objectives Module 2: Chemical Safety Understand the updated Hazard Communication Standard Understand the Safety Data Sheet Understand Labels Pictograms Signal Words Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements Understand the relationship of SDS and label Understand storage requirements Understand emergency response for chemicals

Sources of Chemical Information Laboratory Safety Manual Laboratory Specific Safety Plans SDS NFPA Hazard Label Container Label

Understanding the GHS Labels

Understanding the GHS Labels Product identifiers: Names or numbers used on a hazardous product label or in a safety data sheet. They provide a unique means by which the product user can identify the chemical substance or mixture. Signal word: One word used to indicate the relative severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label and safety data sheet. The GHS includes two signal words: “Warning” for less severe hazard categories and; “Danger” for more severe hazard categories. Hazard statement(s): Phrase assigned to each hazard category that describes the nature of the hazard. Examples of hazard statements are: “Harmful if swallowed,” “Highly flammable liquid and vapor” and “Harmful to aquatic life.”

Other core information to be provided: Understanding the GHS Labels Other core information to be provided: Pictogram(s): A symbol inside a diamond with a red border, denoting a particular hazard class (e.g., acute toxicity/lethality, skin irritation/corrosion, etc.). Precautionary statement(s): Phrases that describe recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to a hazardous product, or improper storage or handling of a hazardous product. These phrases cover prevention, response, storage, and disposal of products . Supplier identification: Under the GHS supplier identification would include the name, address and telephone number of the manufacturer or supplier of the substance.

GHS Hazard Classification Understanding the GHS Labels GHS Hazard Classification Defined criteria are used to assign a hazard classification Physical Hazards 16 categories Health Hazards 10 categories Environmental Hazards 2 categories

GHS Hazard Communication Understanding the GHS Labels GHS Hazard Communication Labels Symbols (hazard pictograms) with red border Examples:

Understanding the GHS Labels These are the pictograms used in the GHS, with the hazard classes they are applied to. The first two rows were taken from the international transport system.

Understanding the GHS Labels As a comparison, these are the transport pictograms. They have different colors and backgrounds that are used to convey other aspects of the hazard. They do not include words on labels or markings, so hazard is conveyed solely through the pictogram. The symbols appear in the upper portion of the frame. As a comparison, these are the transport pictograms. They have different colors and backgrounds that are used to convey other aspects of the hazard. They do not include words on labels or markings, so hazard is conveyed solely through the pictogram. The symbols appear in the upper portion of the frame. The GHS pictograms are the same shape as the transport pictograms so users will know that this shaped pictogram conveys hazard. However, transport participants in the harmonisation process were concerned that transport workers be able to differentiate the hazards of concern to them when labels serve a dual purpose (for example, a label on a large drum that will be seen by both transport workers and manufacturing facility workers). Since transport doesn’t cover chronic health effects, for example, transport workers will be trained not to respond to the pictograms on the label to convey those types of effects.

Understanding the GHS Labels Hazard statements Describe the hazards covered by the GHS Indicate the degree of severity of the hazard Text of the statements has been harmonized Harmonized statements are assigned to each hazard class and category, and have been codified (a numbering system has been applied to them for ease of reference) Physical Hazards – H2XX Health Hazards – H3XX Environmental Hazards – H4XX Example: H318 Causes serious eye damage.

Other required information Understanding the GHS Labels Other required information Precautionary statements are required. The GHS includes possible statements, but they have not yet been harmonized There are 5 types of statements: General – P1XX Prevention – P2XX Response – P3XX Storage – P4XX Disposal – P5XX These have been assigned to hazard classes and categories, and codified (numbered). Example: P280 Wear eye protection/face protection.

Precautionary pictograms Understanding the GHS Labels Precautionary pictograms Some systems may choose to illustrate precautionary information using pictograms. These are not harmonized in the GHS.

Product and supplier identification Understanding the GHS Labels Product and supplier identification Chemical identity required for substances For mixtures either: All the ingredients contributing to the hazard of the mixture/alloy, or All the ingredients contributing to any health hazards presented by the product other than irritation and aspiration Supplier identification required on all labels, including name, address, and phone number

Understanding the GHS Labels This illustrates the elements of a GHS label. The GHS does not specify a format for the label, but does specify that the harmonized label elements, also referred to as the core information, needs to be located together on the label. This illustrates the elements of a GHS label. The GHS does not specify a format for the label, but does specify that the harmonised label elements, also referred to as the core information, needs to be located together on the label. Labels need to be legible and easily read, as well as placed on the container so they can be readily accessed.

ToxiFlam Manufacturing Company Understanding the GHS Labels   ToxiFlam (Contains XYZ Hazardous Ingredients) Toxic if Swallowed Highly Flammable Liquid and Vapour IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a Poison Control Center or physician. Rinse mouth. Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco when using this product. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection. Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame. No smoking. Ground containers and receiving equipment. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Use only non-sparking tools. Store in cool/well-ventilated place. In case of fire, use water fog, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or “alcohol” foam. ToxiFlam Manufacturing Company Route 66, MyTown, TX 00000 1 555 666 8888

Secondary Containers Labs often pour chemicals into smaller containers for daily use – these are referred to as secondary containers

GHS vs NFPA Warning Labels We will still be utilizing the NFPA labels across campus. There are however some conflicts between the GHS and NFPA labeling systems. Namely the hazard ratings are in reverse order. GHS hazard ratings; however, will only appear on the SDS and not on the label.

Live Green NFPA Warning Labels The NFPA label is divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant describes a specific hazard: Blue = health Red = flammability Yellow = reactivity White = special hazards Live Green

Live Green NFPA Warning Labels Numbers in the three colored quadrants indicate the degree of hazard, from 0-4: 0=Minimal Hazard 1=Slight Hazard 2=Moderate Hazard 3=Serious Hazard 4=Severe Hazard Live Green

Live Green NFPA Warning Labels The specific hazard in the white is abbreviated. Some of the common abbreviations are:   A. OXY=Oxidizer B. ACID=Acid C. ALK=Alkali D. COR=Corrosive E. W=use no water F. The radiation symbol G. Biohazard Live Green

Safety Data Sheets GHS calls for a reworking of the Material Safety Data Sheets (now just Safety Data Sheets) 16 sections specified in a given order of information Information in the beginning sections have a broad audience More detailed, technical information included in following sections

Safety Data Sheets

Safety Data Sheets Comprehensive sources of information about substances and mixtures Provides information about the hazards, but also information to establish risk management programs Audiences for the 16 sections vary, but include workers, safety engineers, physicians, and other professionals providing protection to exposed people

Safety Data Sheets These 2 sections together contain all of the same information that you will find on the label including: Product Identification Signal Word Pictograms of hazards Hazard statements Precautionary statements Supplier Information Section 1, Identification includes product identifier; manufacturer or distributor name, address, phone number; emergency phone number; recommended use; restrictions on use.

This lists the constituents that make-up the product. Safety Data Sheets This lists the constituents that make-up the product. Section 3, Composition/information on ingredients includes information on chemical ingredients; trade secret claims.

Safety Data Sheets If someone breathes in a chemical: Remove the person to fresh air Stay with them until you are sure they are ok If symptoms persist, call 911 or campus police Report the incident to your supervisor If someone gets a chemical on their skin/eyes: Immediately flush for 15 minutes with cold water at an eye wash station or shower as appropriate Always remove contacts immediately after contamination Seek medical attention if symptoms develop (rash or hives are typical symptoms) Call 911 or campus police Seek medical treatment Report the incident to your supervisor Section 4, First-aid measures includes important symptoms/ effects, acute, delayed; required treatment. If someone ingests a chemical: Remove the person from the area Call 911 or campus police Have someone locate the SDS for instructions Report the incident to your supervisor

This section will also list decomposition products. Safety Data Sheets lists suitable extinguishing techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire In the event of a fire Be sure fire alarm has been activated Turn off utilities Exit by published evacuation route Use fire extinguisher if fire is small Section 5, Fire-fighting measures lists suitable extinguishing techniques, equipment; chemical hazards from fire. This section will also list decomposition products.

Accidental Release Measures Determine if the spill is Incidental Spill or Emergency Response Spill

Accidental Release Measures Incidental Spill A spill you can handle on your own (or with the help of a coworker)

Accidental Release Measures Incidental Spill How do you know if you can handle the spill? Ask yourself if you: Have the right kind of spill cleanup materials. Have the proper gloves, goggles and other protective equipment (i.e.: apron, face shield). Have no exposure risk because it is a low toxicity chemical. Have no one with a chemical exposure or injury. Have experience or training in cleaning up this type of spill. Have a spill that will not go down the drain. Have spilled less than a gallon, minimizing the fire and exposure risks.

Incidental Spill Cleanup Accidental Release Measures Incidental Spill Cleanup How do you clean up an Incidental Spill? Follow the 4W Procedure: Warn Wear Wipe Wrap

Accidental Release Measures An Incidental spill becomes an Emergency Response spill if you: Do not have the proper spill cleanup materials. Do not know how to safely clean it up. Do not have your PPE (gloves, goggles, lab coat) to clean it up. Have to clean up more than a gallon of a toxic or volatile liquid. If any of these factors come into play and you cannot safely clean up your spill, and you should implement the Emergency Response spill procedure, described on the next page.

Emergency Spill Response Accidental Release Measures Emergency Spill Response If you have a chemical spill that is too large to handle on your own, or one in which you do not have the proper cleanup equipment or PPE, it is an Emergency Response spill and you should follow these 4 steps: Warn others and evacuate the area. If there is a fire, pull the fire alarm. Secure the area: close the door, use caution tape, a sign, or post an employee (at a safe distance) to warn others not to enter.* Report the spill from a safe location. (Call the UCCS Police at 911 or x3111. Give your name, call back phone number, building name, location of release, and the name and quantity of the chemical released. Wait for the emergency responders from Environmental Health and Safety to provide them spill details. *Important If there is a fire or large-scale release of toxic or flammable gases, pull the fire alarm and evacuate all building occupants. Give verbal instructions to those in the immediate area to ensure they do not evacuate through the affected area of the chemical release.

Types of Emergencies Emergency Preparedness General accidents/near misses Accident Report Form in labs To be filled out by instructor Even minor accidents need form

Safety Data Sheets 7. Storage and Handling lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including incompatibilities When different types of materials mix, anything can happen! Here are some important segregation rules: Section 7, Handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including incompatibilities.

Safety Data Sheets Hand Protection – gloves – pick the right one for the job and the chemicals or hazards in question Eye Protection – goggles – glasses – face shield – use the right one for the job Hearing Protection – ear plugs – muffs Foot Protection – closed toe, closed heel, non-skid Body Protection – pants, shirts, leggings, etc. Section 8, Exposure controls/personal protection lists OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs); Threshold Limit Values (TLVs); appropriate engineering controls; personal protective equipment (PPE).

Laboratory Safety Manual Appendix H – Glove Selection Chemical Handling Hand Protection – gloves – pick the right one for the job and the chemicals in questions Latex (natural rubber) PVC Plastic Film Neoprene Cryogenic Nitrile PVA Insulated Viton Butyl Laboratory Safety Manual Appendix H – Glove Selection

use the right one for the job Chemical Handling Goggles Glasses Face Shield use the right one for the job

chronic (long-term) effects to one or more body systems Safety Data Sheets lists the chemical’s characteristics. lists chemical stability and possibility of hazardous reactions. includes routes of exposure; related symptoms, acute and chronic effects; numerical measures of toxicity. The pathway of a hazardous substance into the body is known as its exposure route. Exposure routes include: inhalation, absorption (contact with skin or eyes), injection (needle or sharps punctures), ingestion Exposure can cause Acute (immediate) or chronic (long-term) effects to one or more body systems Section 9, Physical and chemical properties lists the chemical’s characteristics.

Safety Data Sheets lists effects this chemical can have if released into the environment Generally very vague. All disposal should be coordinated with EHS. DOT required labeling, etc. Identifies regulations to which this chemical may be subject Section 16, Other information, includes the date of preparation or last revision. Other pertinent information. Date of the SDS.

Generic Protocols for handling chemicals Chemical Handling Generic Protocols for handling chemicals Wear proper PPE No eating, drinking, smoking in lab No mouth pipetting Confine long hair & loose clothing Wear appropriate clothing (lab coat, no shorts or sandals) No bare arms, legs or midsections No working alone in labs Wash hands before leaving the lab Use a fume hood when necessary

General Protocols - continued Chemical Handling General Protocols - continued Know Location of: Fire Alarm Pull Station, Eyewashes/ Showers, Fire Extinguishers, Exits, MSDSs, Spill Equipment

Storage – the basics Chemical Handling No food in refrigerators! Flammable storage cabinets Gas cylinders secured Segregate incompatibles Highly reactive or toxic chemicals

Storage – segregation Chemical Handling Reactives must be segregated from Ignitables Acids must be segregated from Caustics Corrosives should be segregated from Flammables Oxidizers should be segregated from EVERYTHING Cyanides from Acids Many Corrosives are “Water Reactive” Most Organic Reactives must be segregated from Inorganic Reactives (metals)

Suspicious Containers Chemical Handling Suspicious Containers Don’t open suspicious looking, crusty or bulging containers

Special Hazards Chemical Handling You need to be especially vigilant with chemicals that form explosive or reactive compounds. Examples: Any ethyl ether Isopropyl ether Ether Grignard reagent Dry, solid picric acid

Special Hazards Chemical Handling Expired chemicals that form reactive compounds must be disposed of immediately; they could potentially be a time bomb! On the EHS website is a list of peroxide forming compounds and includes storage guidelines and a method to test for peroxides.

Conclusion Container labeling and Safety Data Sheets have been put in place to provide the best information possible to the individuals who handle hazardous material. Use this information to protect you and your fellow workers

Waste Management We have been discussing: information sources for the hazardous materials you work with general practices for safely working with hazardous materials; personal protective equipment to utilize with hazardous materials; and, how to handle a hazardous materials emergency NOW We need to discuss how YOU can help to keep other people and the environment safe from the hazardous materials once you are done with them.

Module 3: Waste Management Objectives Module 3: Waste Management After completing this module you will be able to: Identify who is responsible for managing chemical waste. Determine if a chemical is a “regulated” hazardous waste. Identify hazardous waste types by using the CRIT (Corrosive, Reactive, Ignitable, Toxic) waste characteristics. Explain proper management of various waste types, including listed waste (U, P, and F listed); universal waste (batteries, lights, computers); research chemical waste (drugs, medicine, etc.); reagent containers, and scrap glass.

Module 3: Waste Management Objectives Module 3: Waste Management After completing this module you will be able to: Identify who is responsible for managing chemical waste. Determine if a chemical is a “regulated” hazardous waste. Identify hazardous waste types by using the CRIT (Corrosive, Reactive, Ignitable, Toxic) waste characteristics. Explain proper management of various waste types, including listed waste (U, P, and F listed); universal waste (batteries, lights, computers); research chemical waste (drugs, medicine, etc.); reagent containers, and scrap glass.

History Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) – originally passed in 1976 40 CFR 260-268 Deals with waste management Requires cradle to grave responsibility Live Green

Waste Management Proper chemical/materials waste management protects our environment and helps make our planet a healthier place to live. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted a "Cradle to Grave" approach that is defined in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Accountability for chemical waste stays with the generator, which means that the waste generator is liable for any damage resulting from mismanagement of their waste, even after the waste has been shipped from the University. That is why it is so important to properly manage hazardous chemical waste on campus

Waste Management At this point you may be asking yourself, "Am I a hazardous chemical waste generator? Am I personally responsible for following these regulations?" To see if you qualify as a hazardous waste generator, ask yourself two questions: Do I use or dispose of any chemicals? Do I manage people that dispose of, or could dispose of chemicals? If the answer to either of these is "yes," you are a hazardous waste generator and are responsible for managing your waste in accordance with institutional guidelines and state and federal regulations. Note that these regulations also apply to any product, drug, equipment, or instrument that contains a hazardous chemical, not just laboratory reagents.

Waste Management RCRA hazardous waste regulations apply to: Spent chemicals that were "used" for their intended purpose Unused chemicals that have expired Chemicals that are no longer useable such as those that have become unstable and cannot be used safely Unneeded surplus Waste drugs, products, and equipment that contain hazardous chemicals The RCRA rules do not apply to unused chemicals that are being stored for legitimate uses. However, you may not store materials indefinitely with no legitimate use intended. In other words, you may not speculatively accumulate chemicals. If you know your materials are waste, the next step is to determine the type of waste you have, which brings us to the CRIT waste criteria.

Waste Management In this module we will be discussing not only RCRA hazardous waste but all waste streams generated in the labs: The type of wastes covered in this module that you are likely to encounter are: Chemical Corrosive Reactive Ignitable Toxic Listed Universal Batteries Fluorescent bulbs Electronics and parts Aerosol cans Additional Visualizing dyes DEA controlled drugs Some pharmaceuticals Bio-hazardous waste

Waste Management What type of hazardous waste is it? Characteristic waste Corrosive Reactive Ignitable Toxic F-Listed P-Listed U-Listed Remember: Unwanted or broken equipment that contains hazardous chemicals or materials (such as lead, mercury, or acid) is also considered a hazardous waste.

Waste Management Tip: Have you inspected the warning labels on your materials? A corrosive warning is a clue that the waste from this material may be regulated when the material becomes spent or expired.

Waste Management

Waste Management

Waste Management

Waste Management We have discussed “characteristic” wastes but another way a chemical can become a regulated waste is if it is on a specific regulatory list. The EPA has developed several lists of regulated hazardous wastes. If your waste type is found on any of these lists the waste must be collected for proper disposal. F-listed P-listed U-listed

Waste Management Take a few minutes to look at the lists below. Do you see any chemicals that you commonly work with? F-listed wastes F001: The following spent halogenated solvents used in degreasing (tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorinated fluorocarbons) and any mixture containing before use a total of 10% or more of any of the above solvents. F002: The following spent halogenated solvents (including all solvents listed above) plus chlorobenzene, trichlorofluoromethane and any mixture containing before use a total of 10% or more of any of the above solvents. F003: The following spent non-halogenated solvents: xylene, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, MIK, n-butyl alcohol, cyclohexanone, methanol any mixture containing before use a total of 10% or more of any of the above solvents. F005: The following spent non-halogenated solvents: toluene, MEK, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene, 2-ethoxy ethanol, 2-nitropropane and any mixture containing before use a total of 10% or more of any of the above solvents.

Waste Management The P-list and the U-list (unused chemical products): These lists include specific commercial chemical products that have not been used, but that will be (or have been) discarded. Industrial chemicals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals are examples of commercial chemical products that appear on these lists and become hazardous waste when discarded. The P- and U-lists appear in the hazardous waste regulations in 40 CFR §261.33 .

These items CANNOT be thrown in the regular trash Waste Management Universal Wastes Universal wastes are regulated hazardous wastes that we might not recognize as "chemical" waste. Examples include: batteries, (recycle buckets around campus) fluorescent lights including CFL, (Facilities collects these) electronic circuit boards, (Facilities collects these) surplus computers, (Facilities collects these) aerosol cans, and (contact EHS for guidance) switches and devices containing mercury. (contact EHS for guidance) Other equipment may also contain hazardous materials, including lasers and carbon containing products. These items CANNOT be thrown in the regular trash

Waste Management Other Chemicals Many of our research chemicals are not regulated as hazardous waste, but still must be collected for proper disposal. Examples of these chemicals are: visualizing dyes (ethidium bromide), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) controlled substances, expired pharmaceuticals, copper sulfate, and dimethyl sulfoxide. As a general rule, all research chemicals must be properly collected and disposed of through Environmental Health and Safety.

Managing Empty Chemical Reagent Containers Waste Management Managing Empty Chemical Reagent Containers Empty Non-Hazardous Chemical Reagent Containers Non-hazardous chemical reagents are not corrosive, reactive, ignitable or toxic. Non-hazardous chemicals include agar, sucrose, most cell culture media, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate and other commonly used chemicals of low toxicity. Dispose of empty non-hazardous reagent bottles/containers through Environmental Health and Safety (for re-use or recycling) or into a recycle dumpster. Be sure to mark the container as “EMPTY”. Your empty non-hazardous chemical reagent containers cannot have more than 3% residue remaining, even if it is only water. If you have any partially full reagent containers holding non-hazardous or hazardous chemicals, dispose of these only through Environmental Health and Safety.

Managing Empty Chemical Reagent Containers Waste Management Managing Empty Chemical Reagent Containers Empty Hazardous Chemical Reagent Containers You can save for re-use or recycle empty chemical reagent containers. Before re-use or recycle – clearly mark over or remove the previous labels. Empty chemical reagent containers can be recycled, even if they previously held a hazardous substance, as long as the previous substance was not a P-listed waste. Containers that held any P-listed chemicals must be triple-rinsed with a chemically compatible solvent before they are considered empty and can be recycled. Water soluble P-listed wastes can be rinsed with water Water insoluble P-listed wastes should be rinsed with an organic solvent Collect all P-listed rinse solution the way you would collect any P-listed chemical and store for disposal through EHS

Waste Management Managing Scrap Glass Scrap glass such as beakers, jars, flasks, un-used test tubes, large glass serological pipettes, light bulbs, and empty non-hazardous reagent bottles. Do not discard scrap glass in the regular trash because it may injure the custodial staff. Instead, place glass in a strong cardboard box, tape the lid shut and mark it "Scrap Glass." The custodial staff will pick the box up for disposal in a trash compactor. Many wastes are prohibited from the regular trash, therefore they cannot be discarded into a scrap glass box either. Collect "sharps" such as syringes, razor blades, scalpels, and Pasteur pipettes in a rigid plastic Sharps container. Do not discard these wastes in a scrap glass box. Sharps containers must be disposed of in the appropriate bio-medical waste container.

Waste Management What can go down the drain? Process waste (non-hazardous, select rinsates with EHS approval) What can be tossed in the trash? Paper towels, some filter paper, etc. What needs to be recycled? Batteries, empty aerosol cans, fluorescent light tubes, empty (triple rinsed) chemical bottles

Waste Management What cannot be disposed of in the trash? Biohazard bags not autoclaved Broken glass Chemicals Mercury thermometer Spill clean-up debris

Collection of Hazardous Waste Waste Management Collection of Hazardous Waste Now that you know how to identify hazardous chemical wastes, let us learn about container management rules and disposal practices. It is very important to segregate incompatible chemical wastes into separate waste containers. Improper practices may cause fires, explosions, toxic fumes, and regulatory penalties

Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) Waste Management Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) A Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) is defined as any laboratory or room where chemical wastes are initially generated or where chemical waste containers are stored at or near the point of generation. At UCCS we manage our waste containers in SAAs.

Waste Management Storage Limits There are limits to how much hazardous waste you can store in any SAA The maximum volumes that are permitted in any storage area are: 10 gallons (37 liters) of hazardous waste per SAA 1 quart (946 milliliters) of an acutely toxic waste (P-listed waste) 2 gallons (3.8 liters) of flammable waste outside a flammable-rated storage cabinet Do no exceed any of the above limits at any time. Be sure to schedule your hazardous waste pickup before you approach these limits. You man not store chemicals “speculatively” – this is storing them “in case”, there is a need in the future. Regulatory agencies can fine laboratories for speculative storage Note: up to 55 gallons of waste (except P-listed wastes) are technically permitted in a SAA. However, EHS recommends limiting watete in a SAA to 10 gallons. The 10 gallon SAA limit is compliant with fire codes and reduces the potential for large spills or exposures.

Waste Management Inspections of SAA Weekly Inspections Chemical waste containers are more likely to develop leaks than unused chemical reagent containers. Chemical waste containers must be inspected weekly for leaks. Inspect your chemical waste containers weekly by using the Hazardous Chemical Waste Container Weekly Inspection Log and immediately resolve problems.

Waste Management Inspections of SAA Inspection items: waste containers are in good condition with no leakage; waste container is closed with a proper lid; chemical waste labels attached and filled out properly; no incompatible wastes stored together; no excessive accumulating (limit 1 quart (946 milliliters) of P-coded waste); Inspection results must be documented weekly on the log provided; save inspection logs for 3 years; if you will be gone for longer than a week, you are required to either request a chemical waste pick-up for all waste chemicals in your storage area, or find another trained staff member to conduct the inspections in your absence Tip: If you do not have any hazardous chemical waste containers in your laboratory, you should immediately write a comment on the Satellite Accumulation Area Inspection Log that no waste containers are in the laboratory, such as “no containers, July 1, 2010 – July 13, 2010."

Collection of Hazardous Waste Waste Management Collection of Hazardous Waste To manage your experiments' chemical wastes, follow this five-step procedure: Collect the waste in an empty chemical reagent bottle which is chemically compatible and has no cracks, dents, or rust; Seal the container with its original lid. Do not use corks, rubber stoppers, or Parafilm; Complete a Hazardous Waste Label and place it over the existing reagent label as soon as the first drop of waste is added to the container; Keep the chemical waste container within eyesight at all times, otherwise you must place the container inside a locked room or a locked storage cabinet, and Inspect the waste container weekly for leaks, and document your inspection in your SAA log. Now that you have seen what you should do to control chemical waste, let us look at what you should not do.

Collection of Hazardous Waste Waste Management Collection of Hazardous Waste The Five Don'ts It is difficult to remember all the different waste management rules. There are five simple rules, however, that identify the most important waste management practices. Don’t: Discard hazardous chemicals down sink or floor drains. Discard hazardous chemicals in the household trash. Evaporate organic solvents inside a chemical fume hood (it is illegal!). Vent toxic or flammable compressed gases inside a chemical fume hood (also illegal). Treat or destroy hazardous chemicals in your laboratory without prior approval from EHS. These five rules should guide your day-to-day laboratory practices, and everyone who works in your lab should know them. Before you pour anything down a drain, please check with EHS.

Collection of Hazardous Waste Waste Management Collection of Hazardous Waste Within your designated SAA, there are rules for managing chemical wastes that relate to the following issues: Containers Quantity accumulation limit Segregation Adequate aisle space (space between containers) Security Labeling Weekly inspections Disposal Let us look at these rules in more detail.

Container Selection and Storage Waste Management Container Selection and Storage Chemical wastes are collected inside empty chemical reagent bottles or other chemically compatible containers. Follow these rules when selecting an empty chemical reagent bottle to collect chemical waste: Select an empty container in good condition (no cracks, rust, dents or holes). Check the container's lid to make sure it fits properly and it is the proper type (no corks, rubber stoppers, or paraffin). Rinse empty containers thoroughly before adding an incompatible waste to it. Collect waste in chemically compatible containers (no acids in metal containers). Keep containers closed at all times except when adding or removing wastes. Ensure that the container has the proper UCD chemical waste label as soon as the first drop of waste is added to the container.

Waste Management Segregation When different types of waste mix, anything can happen! Here are some important segregation rules: Do not store oxidizers with flammable liquids. Do not store acids with bases. Do not store water-reactive chemicals (sodium hydride) next to aqueous materials or corrosives. Do not mix hazardous chemicals with infectious agents or radioactive isotopes waste without the approval of the EHS Department. Store incompatible chemical waste containers inside separate storage cabinets. Otherwise, place incompatible containers which are stored together into plastic pails for secondary containment (large enough to hold entire contents of container).

Waste Management Segregation Note: Halogenated solvents cost 2.5 times more to dispose of than non-halogenated solvents because halogens form acidic gases when incinerated. Researchers are asked to keep halogenated solvents segregated from other solvents in the laboratory. Some chemicals can be combined. See the next slide for guidelines regarding combining chemical wastes. Flammables and oxidizers cannot be stored together. Oxidizers must be stored in secondary containment when stored with other lab chemicals.

Waste Management The following guidelines need to be followed when collecting chemical wastes in a waste container in the laboratory: Clean flammable solvents (alcohols, acetone, acetonitrile, xylene, etc.) may be collected together inside the same waste container. Acids must be collected separately. Bases or caustics must be collected separately. Halogenated solvents (chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride) must be collected separately. Heavy metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver) must be collected separately. Do not mix heavy metal wastes with organic solvents. Toxic liquids (phenol, acrylamide, formaldehyde) must be collected separately. Solid chemical wastes are collected separately from liquid chemical wastes. Solid debris that is contaminated with highly toxic or carcinogenic chemicals must be collected separately.

Waste Management Space Rules To facilitate spill cleanup, always maintain at least 3 feet (91 centimeters) of aisle space to reach the chemical waste containers in your laboratory. Do not store laboratory supplies, carts, or equipment in front of your chemical waste containers.

Waste Management Security Rules You are responsible for the waste you generate, even if someone else handles it. Chemical waste containers must always be under your control. The waste container must be under visual observation at all times. If no one is present, waste must be under lock and key. This ensures that incompatible wastes are not commingled into your waste container by untrained or new employees.

Labeling Chemical Waste Containers Waste Management Labeling Chemical Waste Containers Each chemical waste container must be labeled with a chemical waste disposal label as soon as the first drop of waste has been added to the container. When labeling an empty chemical reagent container for waste storage, ensure the following: Eliminate existing information on the reagent container. Attach the waste label securely (over existing reagent label). Estimate chemical concentrations based on volume; Write the percentage of water in the waste; No abbreviations - spell chemical name completely. Complete all sections of the label carefully except leave the date blank until the container is full and ready for pick-up by EHS

Collection of Hazardous Waste Waste Management Collection of Hazardous Waste Be sure to collect in compatible container with lid – use secondary containment Affix proper label Biology and Chemistry check with your lab manager regarding accumulation Others can request waste pick-up when a container is full or you are no longer going to be adding to it – use the form on the EHS website Campus pick-up occurs 2x per year

Waste Management Disposal Guidelines When you approach the quantity limits of chemical waste or you are finished generating waste, it is time to prepare it for disposal. Fill out the UCCS Hazardous Waste Removal Request. Tip: You may access this form on the EHS website

Sink Disposal Prohibited Waste Management Sink Disposal Prohibited Generally, the disposal of chemical waste down a drain is prohibited. However, there are some exceptions. Please contact EHS before drain disposing any chemicals.

Waste Management Common Concerns During routine waste management audits, frequently observed compliance concerns are: Lack of on-the-job and refresher training. Waste container missing chemical waste label. Open chemical waste container (lid missing). Open waste container with funnel sitting inside it. Use of improper lid (cork, Parafilm, rubber stopper) to seal chemical waste container. Waste containers not inspected weekly for leaks (SAA form not completed). Note: Researchers are not allowed to treat or destroy hazardous chemical wastes in the laboratory without permission from Environmental Health and Safety.

Hazards Module 4: Other Hazards Up to this point we have discussed hazardous materials management and waste management. Besides hazardous materials/waste there are a number of other types of hazards present in the laboratories. We will now take a few minutes to quickly review the management practices associated with some of these other hazards.

Types of Hazards Physical Hazards Mechanical Compressed Gases High Energy Lasers Magnetic Field Generators Compressed Gases Power Tools Noise You need to review the lab operations with your Principal Investigator (PI) to determine which of these hazards may be present in your lab. Once you identify the hazards – you then need to review appropriate safety precautions for each hazard.

Biological Hazards Biological Safety Biological hazards are substances or agents (e.g., viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, bloodborne pathogens, prions, or toxins from a biological source) that pose a threat to the health of living organisms. Biological hazards can include human bodily fluids and tissues.

Biological Safety Biological Safety Infectious Hazards Approval from Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Use of Lysol/Bleach to disinfect Use of biological cabinet Use of autoclave to sterilize Use of PPE Dissections

Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens Take on-line training at the EHS website BBP Exposure Control Plan Wear proper PPE when exposure to bodily fluids is likely

Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens Proper handling and disposal of sharps Hepatitis vaccine Disinfection and clean up

Biological Safety Varying degrees of risk are associated with exposure or infection. For infectious agents, these risks are categorized by "risk groups" (RG) based on the potential effect on a healthy adult human, taking many factors into account, such as pathogenicity, mode of transportation, and the availability of effective treatments or preventive measures.

Biological Safety Risk Groups Risk Group Description Example Organism Agents that are not associated with disease in healthy adult humans. B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) Risk Group 2 Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available. S. aureus, G. lamblia, Adenovirus Risk Group 3 Agents that are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available (high individual risk but low community risk). B. pseudomallei, Hantaviruses Risk Group 4 Agents that are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available (high individual risk and high community risk). Herpes B Virus, Ebola, Marburg

Radiation Safety Obtain training from Health/Physics in Boulder: http://www.colorado.edu/EHandS/hpl/ssinfo.html ALARA: As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Cryogenic Hazards Laboratory Hazards Cryogenic liquids are extremely cold, with a normal boiling point below -130° C (-90° F). Substances commonly stored and transported at cryogenic temperatures include argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Cryogenic liquids present several hazards, including: Extreme Cold Hazard Asphyxiation Hazard Toxic Hazards Oxygen-Enriched Air Explosion due to rapid expansion Due to the high risk of asphyxiation, you should never attempt to clean up a large cryogenic liquid spill, particularly in a closed indoor area. If there is a spill of cryogenic liquids in your lab, evacuate and close off the area, and call 911 or x3111 for assistance.

Compressed Gas Cylinders Laboratory Hazards Compressed Gas Cylinders All compressed gases are considered hazardous because of the high pressure of the container; a rapid pressure change can create a hazard. For example, if a gas cylinder falls and the valve is damaged, the immediate release of pressure can force the cylinder to move, sometimes with enough force to go through walls. Gases can be: asphyxiants by displacing oxygen, corrosive, highly toxic, flammable, oxidizing or highly reactive.

Energy Laboratory Hazards Many forms of energy exist in lab settings and can present a hazard, even seemingly innocuous forms of energy such as light. Always be on the lookout for stored energy such as spring loaded systems (including syringes), hydraulic devices, capacitors, and battery operated systems.

Conclusion Primary responsibility for safety in the lab lies with every individual PI’s and lab instructors are responsible for enforcing guidelines in the labs Safety should become an integral part of our daily activities

Live Green Summary During this training you should have learned: General Safety Procedures What are the hazards – how do I protect myself What do I do if an accident occurs How do I dispose of the wastes I generate Live Green

Summary The information presented here is intended to help you to protect your health. We want you to be safe & healthy. If you have questions, contact Environmental Health & Safety 255-3201 or 255-3212 Live Green

Live Green Summary You are now ready to take the quiz. You must successfully pass the quiz with a score of 80% or higher. It is recommended that you go through the review questions found on the website before taking the quiz. Be sure to review any areas that you do not fully understand or remember. Live Green