Cestodes (tapeworms) Characteristic : - endoparasitic ( adults in the intestine); - flattened dorso-ventrally and bilaterally symmetrical - consists of a head ,neck & strobila ( long chain of segments ) - absence gastro intestinal tract and body cavity; - hermaphroditic

Comparison between Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea Pseudophyllidea Cyclophyllidea Scolex 2 slit-like sucking 4cup-shaped suckers (bothria) with or without hooks Genital on the flat surface on the margin of the pore of the segment segment Intermediate 2 1 host

Parts of Adult tapeworm Scolex Neck Strobila - immature segment - mature segment - gravid segment

Different kinds of ova

Different kinds of larva

II. Life Cycle .Adult live in intestine of vertebrate larva - in tissue of vertebrate or non-vertebrate. 2.Cyclophyllidea requires two (or only one) host cysticercus egg→oncosphere→ cysticercoid →adult hydatid cyst alveolar hydatid cyst

II.Life cycle ．Pseudophyllidea requires three host ( one final host and two intermediate host) egg → coracidium → procercoid → plerocercoid ↑ ↑ ↑ into water into 1st into 2nd intermediate intermediate host host → plerocercoid → adult ↑ into final host

III. Classification Pseudophyllidea: Spirometra - S. mansoni Diphyllobothrium - D. latum Cyclophyllidea: Taenia T. solium T. saginata Echinococcus E. granulosus E. multilocularis Hymenolepis H. nana H. diminuta

Diphylobothrium latum (Broadfish tapeworm) Prevalent : Northern U.S, Canada,Finland Western Russia, Scandinavia D .H.: man ,dog, cat, pig ,seal,bear 1st IH : copepod 2nd IH :trout, salmon, perch,pikes

Taenia solium adult worm ( Pork tapeworm)

Morphological characteristics D latum Adult

D. latum Larva

Life cycle of D. latum

Taenia solium Adult : 2-4 m length, 700-1000 segments

Egg Cysticercus

Taenia solium Life cycle Adult Taeniasis (in small intestine) ingested by man Man Cysticercus Eggs, gravid segment (in muscle) (in faeces) by circulation Pig ingested by pig Onchosphere (penetrates intestinal wall)

Onchosphere inside the ova

Cysticercus larva in pig muscle

(in muscle ) gravid segment (in faeces) by circulation Cysticercosis Adult (in small intestine) Man Cysticercus Eggs, (in muscle ) gravid segment (in faeces) by circulation Man ingested by man Onchosphere (hatches in intestine penetrates intestinal wall)

1. Man is the final host and also can become the intermediate host; 2. Pig is the main intermediate host; 3. Infective stage: egg and cystercercus

Taenia solium :Pathogenicity Taeniasis intestinal discomfort: vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, loss of appetite, appendicitis and intestinal obstruction Cysticercosis The methods of infecting eggs:  auto-infect oneself in body;  auto-infect oneself outside body;  infect from other person

Cysticercosis Cysticercosis in brain Cystcercosis in eye Cysticercosis in subcutaneous tissues and muscles

IV. Diagnosis Taeniasis Cystisercosis stool examination anal swab gravid segment examination Cystisercosis biopsy funduscopy X-ray, ultrasound, CT Serological tests

V. Epidemiology Geographical distribution Epidemic factor Worldwide where pork or other pork products are eaten Epidemic factor = proper method of feeding the pig bad eating and cooking habit

VI. Prvention and Treatment Treatment of patient Binlang pumpkin seed praziquantel noclosamide Health education Strengthen management of lavatory, improve method of feeding the pig

Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm )

Morphological differences between T. solium and T. saginata

Morphological differences between T. solium and T. saginata Mature segment ovary gravid segment & uterine branches

Differences between T. solium and T. saginata Life cycle T. solium T. saginata Infective stage egg and cysticercus cysticercus Intermediate host pig cattle Pathogenic stage adult and cysticercus adult

f12 Diagnosis, epidemic and treatment are same as T. solium