1. Quiz #1

2. * Each question is worth one point
1.)This insect is known as the kissing bug and is the vector/intermediate host for what parasite?
4.) Name the structure the arrows are pointing to in the picture of T. vaginalis.
2.) What is the genus of this organism?
5.) What are the benefits of performing a thick blood smear over a thin blood smear in malaria detection?
3.) What phylum does Toxoplasma gondii belong to?
* Each question is worth one point

3. Cestodes! Parasitic in the intestines of vertebrates
Typically have bodies divided into three major sections
1.) Scolex (head)
2.) Neck (zone of proliferation) Metabolic activity
3.) Strobila (body)
They have no digestive tract and strictly rely on their surface area to volume ratio and tegument for nutrient acquisition

4. Scolex Acetabula (suckers) Bothria (grooves or slits)
Rostellum (anterior projections and might be armed with hooks!)
Phyllidea (leaf-life flaps)

5. Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoidea Order Pseudophyllidea
ANIMALIA
CESTODA
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cestoidea
Order Pseudophyllidea
Family Diphyllobothriidae
Genus Diphyllobothrium
Species latum
(coracidium)  oncosphere  procercoid  pleurocercoid  adult
Oncosphere  bladder larvae (cysticercoid, cysticerus, coenurus, hydatid)  adult

6. Diphyllobothrium latum
Occasionally, humans are infected with the plerocercoid stage of cestodes. Such infections are referred to sparganosis.
BEAR
feces(eggs)  swimming coracidium in the environment  oncosphere (6 hooked hexacanth)  proceroid (copepod)  pleurocercoid (fish)  adult (mammalian host)

7. Diphyllobothrium latum
This species produced shelled eggs that are released via a uterine pore rather than detachment of the proglottid (apolysis) and can release over 1 million eggs per day!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The enclosed embryo will develop into a coracidium, a ciliated, free-swimming larva which must be eaten by a copepod, such as Diaptomus or Cyclops in order to continue the life cycle. 
From:
400x
From:
abopercular knob

8. Diphyllobothrium latum
Proglottids, note rosette-like uterus which is filled with eggs
Scolex. This is a pseudophyllidean tapeworm and has "sucking slits" called bothria rather than suckers or acetabula as in the cyclophyllideans. The scolex is also unarmed or without a hooked rostellum. 
100x
From:
Bothria
From:

9. Diphyllobothrium latum
Examine slides:
57 for EGGS,
58 for SCOLEX,
59 for SEGMENTS

10. Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoidea Order Cyclophyllidea
ANIMALIA
CESTODA
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cestoidea
Order Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Genus Taenia
Species saginata, solium
Feces (gravid proglottids)  cattle, pig,  oncosphere  cysticercusus (fluid filled bladder with an invaginated scolex)  dog, human (scolex evaginates and attches to gut of definitive host)  young adult tapeworm

11. Taeniidae Egg 400x T. solium Scolex (pork tapeworm) T. saginata Scolex
The capsular wall is lost by this point in development and the outer embryophore is pitted with radiating pores which give it the striated appearance. 
400x
T. solium Scolex
(pork tapeworm)
T. saginata Scolex
From: Web Attlas of Parasitology

12. Taenia saginata gravid proglotid
Taenia solium gravid proglotid
Note the lateral arms of the central uterine stem

14. 0.5 mm vas deferens cirrus sac genital pore excretory canal vagina
uterus
ovary
0.5 mm
vitelline glands
testes

15. Taenia saginata
Examine slides:
60 for EGGS,
62 for CYSTICERCUS,
65 for GRAVID PROGLOTID.

16. Taenia solium
Examine slides:
63 for SCOLEX.

17. T.saginata T.solium Size 4-8 m 2-4 m Scolex 4 suckers 4 suckers,
rostellum & hooklets
Mature proglottid
Ovary
2 lobes
3 lobes
Testes
Gravid proglottid:
Uterine branches
15-30
7-12

18. Phylum Platyhelminths Class Cestoda Subclass Eucestoda
ANIMALIA
CESTODA
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Platyhelminths
Class Cestoda
Subclass Eucestoda
Order Cyclophyllidea
Genus Echinococcus
Species granulosus

19. Echinococcus granulosus
Feces (gravid proglottid)  oncosphere (vegetarian mammal)  hydatid cyst  hydatid sand  wolf, dog

20. Echinococcus granulosus
total length = 3-6 mm

21. Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cysts
cysts the size of golf balls are not
Uncommon
The interior of a hydatid cyst is filled
with "protoscolices" each of which has
the ability to grow into an adult worm
when ingested by a canine host

22. Echinococcus granulosus
Examine slides:
68 for CYST,
69 for ADULT.

23. Hymenolepis diminuta Cyclophyllidean cestode
Adults can be found in birds by the thousands! HOWEVER, it uses rats as definitive hosts and is a great model
Scolex= 4 suckers and unarmed rostellum
Unsegmented neck(zone of preliferaiton)
Osmoregulatory canals that run though the rest of the strobila
Feces (gravid proglottid)  oncosphere (beetle)  cysticerci/cysticercoid human/rodent

24. a b f
100 mm
100 mm
50 mm c c d d e e
200 mm
500 mm
1 mm
7.13

25. Diplyidium caninum
Reports of infecting humans (ingesting a flea with a cysticercoid); however, definitive host is a dog or cat
4 sucksers with a retractable rostellum with armed rows of hooks
Two complete sets of male and female reproductive structures
Progottids are very distinctive
Feces (gravid proglottid)  oncopshere (fea)  cystiercoid  human or dog

27. a b c d e
200 mm
100 mm
200 mm
500 mm
1 mm
7.15