The Kingdom Period of Rome Rome’s Beginnings, and the Etruscans Sections One, Two, and Three

Learning Goal for Rome’s Beginnings The students will explain how Rome was founded.

Romulus and Remus

Etruscan Learning Goals The students will understand that there was a group of people already living in the area when Rome began. The students will review the influences the Greeks had on Rome. The students will know what daily life was like for the Etruscans. The students will identify the religious beliefs held by the The students will understand why Rome vowed to NEVER have a king again. The students will learn what influences the Etruscans gave to the Roman Civilization.

Etruscans

Necropolis Image Analysis We know most of what we know from their tombs. Burial Mounds over time Burial Mounds Dead Necropolis Cemetery (City of the Dead) Tombs of Gold City Image Analysis

9/20/2013 Etruscan Excavation Etruscan Housing

Daily Life Social Order Upper Class Middle Class Lower Class Wealthy landowners Nobles Priests Upper Class Middle Class Lower Class Farmers Traders City Workers Enslaved People

Religious Beliefs Polytheistic Provinces Will of the gods Soothsayers – read omens. What is an omen? Humans in Center West Gods of death and the underworld East Gods of The Heavens South Gods of Nature How were they supposed to know what their gods wanted? What about us? How are we supposed to know what our God wants?

Etruscans and Romans Etruscans The Roman “Kingdom” officially began with Romulus, in 753 BCE. The Etruscans ruled the Kingdom of Rome, beginning in 616 BCE, lasting until 509 BCE. Read Pages 26-27 of the Honor’s text book. Brutus

Etruscan Influences Engineering – Cuniculus - Laid foundations for the first sewer system. Drained swamp at the foot of the Palatine – built the forum there. The Etruscans taught the Latin’s how to use an Arch – science of the Arch Alphabet – Etruscans borrowed Greeks, Romans borrowed Etruscans Sporting Events- Funeral FIGHTS (gladiators) and Chariot Races Triumph- Parade for returning heroes Government - Servius – Census, Senate, and the Legions. Fasces – bundle of rods bound around an ax – symbol Roman Ruler’s power to execute Etruscan Art – (Realistic) Mysticism– soothsayers, temples, rituals, all to the GODS.

Arches and Aqueducts

Review Learning Goals The students will understand that there was a group of people already living in the area when Rome began. The students will review the influences the Greeks had on Rome. The students will know what daily life was like for the Etruscans. The students will identify the religious beliefs held by the The students will understand why Rome vowed to NEVER have a king again. The students will learn what influences the Etruscans gave to the Roman Civilization. Etruscan Videos

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Greek Influences on Rome

Greek Architecture The Colosseum

Greek Writing Etruscans took Greek Alphabet, changed it, then the Romans took it from the Etruscans, and altered it again.

Greek Art The main difference between Greek and Roman Art….. Everyone loved Greek pottery. It was useful and beautiful. Roman not only collected Greek art, sculptors and painters modeled their work after the Greeks. It was known for being lively and realistic. The main difference between Greek and Roman Art….. Greek art focused on the ideal/perfect human being or god. Roman art celebrated great leaders and events. However, Historians refer to both as Greco Roman Art.

Greek Religion Apollo Artemis Zeus Ares Hermes Aphrodite Athena Poseidon

Greek Influences Etruscan Influences Architecture– Huge marble structures meant to inspire people with awe. Mythology – Beginning with the Olympian gods, these were spiritually instructive stories. Art – Known for its beauty and utility. Greek art focused on the ideal/perfect human being or god. Roman art celebrated great leaders and events. Science – Study of stars, music, and math. Writing – The Greek alphabet was taken by the Etruscans, then borrowed by the Romans. Greek poetry was built upon by Roman poets like Virgil. The carved important documents like laws into stone plaques. Engineering – The cuniculus to drain swamps, irrigate land, and carry water to cities. The arch, which allowed walls to be stable, but saved materials and allowed things to pass beneath it. Sporting Events – Chariot racing and Gladiatorial games.. Government – Introduction of the Senate to Rome. Alphabet – But this was actually taken from the Greeks first.

Which contributions do you think were the most important?