1. Notecards for Aspects of Culture Etruscan and Greek Influences on Ancient Rome

2. Directions (an example): The arch was one of the main features of Etruscan architecture. Etruscan arches were constructed of [ piers ] pillar-like bases, called [ ], which supported several voussoirs, or [ ]. These stones were arranged in a [ ] and held in place by a [ ] in the center. Read the corresponding text for each aspect of culture and fill-in the missing words. Once you’ve completed the illustration in Sumo Paint, insert your finished drawing in the left box.

3. Etruscan Architecture The arch was one of the main features of Etruscan architecture. Etruscan arches were constructed of [ ] pillar-like bases, called [ ], which supported several voussoirs, or [ ]. These stones were arranged in a [ ] and held in place by a [ ] in the center.

4. Etruscan Engineering The [ ] was a long trench cut underground, with vertical [ ] dug downward to meet it. It was used to [ ] land by diverting water from a stream. The Etruscans also used the cuniculus to [ ] water from very wet soil, and to carry [ ] to their cities.

5. Etruscan Government Fasces were made of [ ] with an [ ] protruding from the middle of the bundle. They were emblems of [ ]. The [ ] represented the king’s power to [ ] his city-state. The [ ] symbolized that the king could [ ] his subjects who broke the law.

6. Etruscan Metalworking Etruscans used copper, lead, [ ], tin, silver, [ ], and [ ] to make their metal objects. They made household objects such as [ ] and [ ]. They made religious objects such as [ ] and devotional [ ]. They also made military objects, such as helmets, from bronze with protective neck and throat [ ].

7. Etruscan Mysticism The Etruscans believed that [ ] gave them signs in nature. They tried to interpret [ ] before they went into battle, and thought they could predict good harvests by studying the [ ]. Etruscans diviners used the [ ] to plan the layouts of their [ ], and read the [ ] of animals before conducting burials.

8. Etruscan Sculpture Etruscan sculpture was considered [ ] because Etruscan artists paid close attention to nature and did not [ ] human subjects. Large [ ] stone figures were created for [ ] of the wealthy.

9. Etruscan Social Organization Etruria was made up of [ ], each ruled by a [ ]. Wealthy men and women lived on large [ ] and made money by [ ] and owning [ ]. [ ] worked in the mines of the wealthy. Wealthy men and women had fairly [ ]. Both were [ ], and they dressed alike in long [ ]. They also ate together at [ ].

10. Etruscan Sporting Events Spectator sports in Etruria developed from [ ] and [ ] large animals. [ ] combat came from a funeral ritual during which mourners watched [ ] fight to the death. Another popular sport was [ ], which Etruscans first saw at the Olympics in Greece.

11. Greek Coinage Ancient Greeks borrowed the idea of using coins from [ ]. Coins were made of silver, bronze, and [ ], a mixture of silver and gold. The Greeks thought coins would help their [ ] become more efficient. Scenes stamped on coins included Greek [ ] and sporting events such as [ ].

12. Greek Monumental Building Ancient Greeks built immense [ ] made of [ ]. These temples were designed to represent [ ], the dwelling place of the Greek Gods. The monumental size of the temples was also designed to fill the people inside with [ ]. The Parthenon, a temple honoring [ ], embodies the classical Greek values of [ ].

13. Greek Mythology Myths about the Gods and Goddesses functioned as [ ] to the ancient Greeks. Greeks conducted elaborate [ ] to ensure the favor of their Gods. Greek Gods and Goddesses controlled all aspects of [ ], including founding [ ], healing the [ ], and [ ] battles.

14. Greek Philosophy [ ] means “love of wisdom.” Greek tutors and students would gather in outdoor [ ], or discussion groups, and talk about the natural world. Although it began as a branch of [ ], philosophy was developed into a system of [ ] by the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle.

15. Greek Pottery Greek pottery was valued in the ancient world for its [ ] and [ ]. Greek artists created ceramic [ ], for storing foods, and [ ] for water and wine. Some early pottery had [ ] figures on [ ] backgrounds. Later styles had red [ ] on black [ ], which allowed for greater detail to be shown in the figures.

16. Greek Science Ancient Greek science included the study of the stars, music, and [ ]. Pythagoras, a religious [ ], believed that [ ] and mathematical formulas controlled the universe. His famous Pythagorean Theorem is a system used to [ ]. He also discovered that [ ] have a mathematical progression.

17. Greek Theater Greek theater developed from [ ] honoring the Gods and asking for successful [ ]. These rites evolved into festivals of [ ] each spring. Greek dramas were performed [ ], in the center of the city. Actors wore expensive [ ], and there was music on stage, as well as changes of costumes and [ ].

18. Greek Writing Ancient Greek writing was written in all [ ]. Important documents such as [ ] were carved into [ ] made of bronze or stone. These plaques were then posted in the [ ]. Personal writings were written on [ ], (pronounced puh-PY-russ) a plant-fiber paper from Egypt.