The Roaring 20s Did the 20s set the stage for a permanent culture change in the United States?

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The Roaring 20s Did the 20s set the stage for a permanent culture change in the United States?

Prohibition 18th Amendment (January 1919) Volstead Act Effects Prohibits the production, transport and sale of alcohol Enables Congress to enact laws to enforce Volstead Act .5% of the beverage is alcoholic Permitted for religious, scientific, medicinal purposes Did not regulate owning or consuming Gave enforcement responsibility to the Federal and State governments Effects Increase in need for law enforcement Corruption in law enforcement Organized crime grew Thousands arrested 21st Amendment (1933) – repealed the 18th

Consumerism More than 50% of Americans lived in Urban areas Electricity By 1930s 2/3 of homes had Modern conveniences: washing machines, vacuums Automobiles Henry Ford and perfection of assembly line and mass production Challenge to the railroads Need for new roads Increase in traffic and accidents “Every” family had a car by 1930 Chain Stores 40% of Americans lived under the poverty line Many in rural areas

Republican Party Business of America is business. Andrew Mellon Calvin Coolidge Andrew Mellon Advocated the reduction of taxes on the rich and businesses to spur the economy

Women Shorter skirts Shorter hair Birth control Divorce Laws – made it somewhat easier for a woman to sue for divorce

Sports and Culture Compulsory high school education in many states Radio – 800 stations by 1930 (NBC, CBS) Movies – 80 million tickets/week by 1929 Charles Lindbergh – flies across the Atlantic Jazz – Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong Blues – Bessie Smith Sports Jack Dempsey – boxing Jim Thorpe – football Babe Ruth – baseball Bobby Jones - golf

Nativism Quota System Ku Klux Klan 1st Quota in 1921 – 3% of population in America by 1910 Quota – 1924 – 2% of population in America by 1890 All Japanese barred from immigration No regulation of Mexican and Canadian migration By 1927 – only 150,000 immigrants permitted to enter per year Ku Klux Klan Hay Day 1915-1925 Against Blacks, Catholics, Jews, Communists… Politically connected 1925, Indiana Grand Dragon David Stephenson convicted of murder Other issues of corruption stain the reputation of the Klan Continues into the 1960s

Key Trials Marcus Garvey – black Jamaican for fraud – 1925 Back to Africa movement Black pride, separatist Owned part of Back Star Steamship John Scopes – Science v Religion – 1925 Clarence Darrow v William Jennings Bryan Evolution v. Traditional Christian belief No change in state laws regarding evolution Set up by ACLU (remember Plessy v Ferguson) Overturned on technicality Sacco and Vanzetti – robbery and murder case – 1921 Sentenced to death Many believed because they were poor Italian immigrants, association with anarchists

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