Section 3 Chapter 18

The Problems of Urbanization Why drawn to cities in NE and MW? Cities cheaper and more convenient; Ethnic neighborhood and cultural opportunities not found in rural areas Fewer farm laborers needed b/c of new technology; believed jobs could be found in cities; cultural opportunities not found in rural area Fewer farm laborers needed b/c of new technology; believe jobs could be found in cities; hope of less racial violence and political oppression than in the South; cultural opportunities not found in rural areas Excitement found in cities too! The People Immigrants Farmers African Americans

Rapid Urbanization 1860  20% of America’s population in cities 1890  More than 33% of America’s population living in cities Some U.S. cities now the size of London and Paris!

Growing Out and Up New technology to make it happen! Elevated trains, and streetcars Steel bridges (Brooklyn Bridge) By 1900 30 story steel skyscrapers with electric elevators Bulls eye pattern of cities Wealthy Middle class Poor people

The Problems of Urbanization Lack of housing and open areas of land Lack of safe and efficient transportation Unsafe drinking water Lack of sanitation Fire hazards Crime What was done in response to problem? Construction of home that took up less space, such as apartment buildings, row houses, and dumbbell tenements Construction of mass-transit networks, based on such new forms of transportation as cable cars, electric streetcars, and electric subways Chlorination and filtration Sewer lines and sanitation departments Full-time professional fire departments, automatic fire sprinklers, buildings made of brick, stone, concrete Full-time professional police departments

Do we know our terms and names? urbanization Growth of cities tenements Buildings divided into many tiny apartments dumbbell tenements Long, narrow, 5-6 story buildings that were shaped like barbells settlement houses Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children (esp. immigrants) Jane Addams Founder of Chicago’s Hull House (a settlement house) in 1889, she began solving neighborhood problems, became and anti-war activist, spokesperson for racial justice, advocate of quality of life issues, won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

Professional Sports During the Late 1800’s Major League Baseball final standings Major League Baseball final standings Professional Sports During the Late 1800’s #1 sport baseball! First pro team  Cincinnati Red Stockings, 1869 By 1876 eight teams in the National League Major League Baseball final standings 1876 Became the Cubs in 1876!  

Albert Spalding – Star pitcher! With his brother starts the Spalding sports company and markets the first official rules guide for baseball! Also begins wearing a glove after the 1876 season to make it more popular and a better seller for his company. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_Chicago_White_Stockings_season