Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram positive, catalase negative coccus bacterium with at least 90 different strains. 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram positive, catalase negative coccus bacterium with at least 90 different strains. 3.

Infection can spread to lungs, blood, and cross the blood-brain barrier. Nasopharynx: Conjunctivitis, otitis media, sinusitis, acute chronic bronchitis, pneumonia Vascular Invasion/hematogenous spread: Meningitis, bacteremia, bone/joint infections, endocarditis, peritonitis 1.,2.,4., 5.

The primary site of colonization is the nasopharynx where the bacteria is spread through aerosol droplets. 4., 13.

Symptoms Fever Cough Shortness of breath Chest pain Stiff neck Confusion Disorientation Sensitivity to light Joint pain Chills Ear pain Sleeplessness Irritability *Severe cases: Hearing loss Brain damage Death 17.

Diagnostic tests include tests on cultured specimens and lab tests that support the diagnosis. 10.

Pneumococcal polysaccharide or conjugate vaccines are widely used depending on age group. 7., 8.

12.

Homologous Recombination 15., 16.

Multidrug resistance has become more common leading to varied treatment and new vaccines. 9., 14.

Works Cited 1. Hacking, Craig and Michael Paks et al. “Lobar pneumonia.” Radiopaedia.org. 2016 Web. 28 March 2016. 2. “Causes of Bacterial Pneumonia.” ePainAssist. 2016. Web. 28 March 2016. 3. Test, Samuel T. “Complement and Immunity to Pneumococcal Vaccines.” CHORI. 2005. Web. 28 March 2016. 4. “Pneumococcal Disease (Streptococcus pneumoniae). Travelers’ Health. CDC. 5 August 2014. Web. 28 March 2016. 5. Prado, Claudia Antonieta Nieves. “Pneumococcal Infections.” Medscape. 22 January 2016. 6. Prado, Claudia Antonieta Nieves. “Pneumococcal Infections Medication.” Medscape. 22 January 2016. Web. 28 March 2016. 7. Cox, Chad M. and Ruth Link-Gelles. “Chapter 11: Pneumococcal.” Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Disease. 1 April 2014. Web. 28 March 2016. 8. “Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases.” The Pink Book: Course Textbook 13 (2015). CDC. Web. 29 March 2016. 9. Jedrzejas, Mark J. “Pneumococcal Virulence Factors: Structure and Function.” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 65.2 (2001):187-207. American Society for Microbiology. Web. 29 March 2016. 10. “Streptococcus pneumoniae.” Microbiologyinpictures.com. 2011-2016. Web. 29 March 2016. 11. “Vaccine Adjuvants.” Vaccine Safety. CDC. 28 August 2015. Web. 4 April 2016. 12. Kamala, Tirumalai. “What is the mechanism of action of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine?” Quora. 4 December 2014. Web. 4 April 2016. 13. Shak, Joshua R. et al. “Influence of bacterial interactions on pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx.” Trends in Microbiology 21.3 (2013): 129-135. CelPress Webinars. Web. 5 April 2016. 14. Jones, Ronald N. et al. “Evolving trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance: implications for therapy of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.” International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 36.3 (2010): 197-204. ScienceDirect. Web. 6 April 15. “Bacterial Transformation.” Boundless.com. Photo. Web. 5 April 2016 16. S., Tony. “21, 22 Genetic exchange.” University of Missouri-St. Louis. Studyblue. 8 March 2016. Web. 5 April 2016. 17. “Pneumonia.” Creationwiki. 17 November 2015. Web. 5 April 2016.