Daily Warm Up Use your text to define or explain the following terms: Line of Demarcation p. 42 Treaty of Tordesillas p. 41 Conquistador (glossary) Cartographer

The Age of Exploration Chap. 1, Sect. 5 and Chap. 2, Sect. 1

I. Why did western Europeans begin exploring in the 1400’s and 1500’s? Trade 1. cost of goods going up 2. needed new trade routes to Asia

2. astrolabe (helped sailors find latitude) New inventions: 1. Compass 2. astrolabe (helped sailors find latitude) 3. better ships/better sails 4. maps were published by cartographers using printing presses. Portuguese Caravel

C. God, Gold, Glory and Greed! God: spread Christianity, halt Islam Gold: search for anything that can provide wealth Glory: fame Greed: Money

4 Kingdoms became wealthy enough and stable enough to explore: 1. Portugal 2. Spain 3. France 4. England

Life Aboard a Ship Long hours Limited food 90-100 miles a day Disease Religious services daily One hot meal (if lucky!) Limited navigational equipment Dysentery Malaria Malnutrition Scurvy – lack of vitamin C Typhus

II. Who were the early explorers? Lief Erikson (Viking) around 1000 A.D. 1. before the age of exploration, he explored Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada) 2. most early Viking settlements were seasonal fishing settlements.

B. Prince Henry of Portugal/Henry the Navigator (1419) 1 B. Prince Henry of Portugal/Henry the Navigator (1419) 1. set up a research center in Portugal to study all aspects of exploration

C. Vasco de Gama (Portugal) 1 C. Vasco de Gama (Portugal) 1. first to go from Europe to Asia by boat, rounding the tip of Africa. (1497)

D. Christopher Columbus (Spain) 1 D. Christopher Columbus (Spain) 1. found islands off the coast of the Americas in 1492. 2. was trying to get to Asia http://youtu.be/o9W1G3Tn31A

E. Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) 1 E. Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) 1. his crew became the first men to circumnavigate the globe (1519-1522)

F. John Cabot (England) 1497 1. explored eastern Canada

G. Jacques Cartier (France) 1 G. Jacques Cartier (France) 1. explored Canada – trying to find a river route through to the Pacific Ocean (1534)

H. Amerigo Vespucci (Spain) 1 H. Amerigo Vespucci (Spain) 1. explored the east coast of North and South America (1499) 2. was the first to recognize that a new continent had been found

Juan Ponce de Leon (1513) 1. sailed for Spain 2. explored and claimed Florida for Spain

Vasco de Balboa (1510) 1. explored for Spain 2. crossed Panama – first European to cross to Pacific Coast

Hernan Cortes (1519) 1. sailed for Spain 2. conquered the Aztecs What do you think the biggest advantage that the Spanish conquistadors had over the Aztecs? Montezuma Disease killed more than guns -

Hernando de Soto (1540s) Explored for Spain Explored the southeastern U.S. Treated the natives badly, and died on the expedition. Decimated the population of southeastern natives through disease

Francisco Coronado (1540) 1. explored for Spain 2. looking for the “7 cities of gold” in the southwestern U.S.

Francisco Pizarro (1520s and 30s) 1. explored for Spain 2. conquered the Incan Empire (western South America)

Samuel de Champlain (1605) 1. colonized eastern Canada for France 2. started rivalry for new territory between France and Spain