The Origins of Socialism By: Hanan, Hoda, Shumaim, Aiysha, Torfa

BUT FIRST… Previously on Understanding of Ideologies Industrial Revolution resulted in: Accumulation of wealth for business owners Increased poverty Poor living & working conditions In Response: People in Europe and N.A question: -practices of political and economic systems: laissez faire system Ppl (socialists) propose changes: -distribution of wealth

Socialist/ Socialism/ Utopian Socialist Cooperation > Competition Greater value on group 2- Socialism Ideology Belief in collectivist values: ~collective responsibly ~collective interest ~cooperation ~economic equality ~adherence to collect. norms ~public property

Believed “PERFECT PLACE” could be created Continued.. 3- Utopian Socialist Believed “PERFECT PLACE” could be created -ppl can develop greatest potential

Early Socialists: Robert Owen About (1771-1858) British industrialist Utopian socialist Owner of textile Mills in: -New Lanark (birth place of socialism) -Scotland Improved living conditions Opened schools of students & adults Established markets (nutritious foods, reasonable prices) Unsuccessfully pressured gov. (minimize working hrs to 8/day) Beliefs Utopian beliefs Business owners resp. for operating profitable and productive workplace -Safe working place Recognized value of workers -Made profit - no workers=no products to sell Accept socialist values: - achieve balance b/w economic, physical, social & emotional needs

French utopian socialist Charles fourier About (1772-1837) French utopian socialist Beliefs Real benefits come from arranginf ppl in small, self-sustaining communities Careful planning + regulation = communities are successful in providing: -social -economic -political needs of citizens

Influenced by socialist movements in France Karl Marx About (1818-1883) Influenced by socialist movements in France W help of socialist friend (Freidrich Engels), he wrote: The Communist Manifesto -Failure of capitalism -neg effects on working class -History: revolutions led by oppressed -Most important force of society = struggle b/w classes in society

Struggle b/w proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisie (business owners ) Karl marx continued… Proposition : Struggle b/w proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisie (business owners ) -Proletariat: Oppressed under capitalist free market system -Bourgeoisie: oppressors Solution: Proletariat should seize power through revolution -closer to communism Take control of Political, social and economic systems Establish socialist society

Results of Marx’s Solution: Karl Marx continued… Results of Marx’s Solution: People will be free of class differences -Classless Society Sharing goods and wealth among all citizens

What did a socialist society encompass New factories controlled and owned by the gov. Gov. control of banking via national bank Socialist societies involve: Gov. control of transportation & communication means Shift: Private Public property Free education for all children in public schools

Socialism as response to classical Liberalism Individualism Classical Liberalism (laissez faire system) Inequality b/w classes Industrial Revolution Poor working/living conditions Major decline in social and economic conditions Socialism

Values of Socialism vs Liberalism Values of Socialism (collectivism) Values of classical liberalism Collective Interest: Humans should be cooperative, helpful & compassionate Self Interest: Ind should act in their own self interest Collect. responsibility: society, (through gov.) is responsible for well-being of all members Ind rights/resp/ freedoms: Individuals should be responsible for their own well-being Economic equality: gov. should intervene in economy Economic freedoms: economy should be determined by market forces (supply & demand) Public property: gov should own industries. Profits should be kept by gov and redistributed equally Private property: Individuals should have the right to buy, own or sell propert. Cooperation: ppl should cooperate to achieve goals Competition: Comp. benefits society; ppl work in self- interest. Leads to innovation, motivation and lower prices. Adherence to collect. norms: ppl should follow rules to benefit society. Should be presence of equality throughout society. Rule of Law: No one is above law. Each individual is accountable to the law

Political Spectrum: socialist vs liberal Ideologies Collectivism Individualism Liberalism Socialism Liberalism strongly represented on right side of spectrum (individualism) Socialism strongly respresented on left side of spectrum (collectivism)

GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN MODERN LIIBERALIST SOCIETIES Quick Recap: GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN MODERN LIIBERALIST SOCIETIES Gov ensures vulnerable people: Sick Elderly Unemployed Working poor are cared for. People who believed this did not address collective interests were called….

Democratic socialism developed by socialists who believed: DEMOCATIC SOCIALISTs (Late 1800’s) Democratic socialism developed by socialists who believed: 1. Modern liberalism did NOT provide gov intervention that addressed collective interest 2. Classless society (Embraced aspect of Marxism) -distribution of wealth Political, social & economic change achieved through democratic political processes: (Contrary to beliefs of Marxism) Elections Reforms Rather than violent revolution

Democratic Socialists Organized political parties in: -Europe By early 20th century Examples Democratic Socialists Organized political parties in: -Europe -North America Function: Create society with socialist and liberal characteristics ~(take best of each ideology and put the together) FOR EXMAPLE… Independent Labor Party of Great Britain Socialist Party of America

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY OF AMERICA OF 1897 ** men are born free and have certain rights, such as the rights to life, liberty, and happiness. ** while citizens have the same political rights, this does not make them equal because of the vast economic inequality between the classes. Greater economic equality should exist in society. Reflects liberal beliefs and values Reflects socialist beliefs and values

Democratic Socialists & Capital Liberalism Classical liberal values accepted by social democrats Democracy Freedom Individual Rights Classical liberal values denied by social democrats Solution - Capitalism b/c it infringed on workers’ rights and prevented many workers from actually being free - Involved gov’t in the economy to ensure that all members of society were treated fairly

Gov Intervention results in Industries being publically owned ~Meaning? Support from gov which provided SOCIAL PROGRAMS: ~unemployment insurance ~health care ~education ~child care

many families suffered through bare times GREAT DEPRESSION many families suffered through bare times questioned validity of the values of Classical Liberalism Coping with depression - Citizens believed that if gov’t took control and became more active with managing the economy it would work towards helping them deal with the tragic effects

1. Companies went bankrupt Continued October 29, 1929 Great Depression Struck Stock market crashed first 3. Unemployment reached 27% of the employable population 2. Investors watched value of stocks disappear 1. Companies went bankrupt

OF AN UNREGULATED GOVERNMENT????? WAS IT BECAUSE OF AN UNREGULATED GOVERNMENT?????

HARDSHIPS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION POOR WORKING CONDITIONS 1 WANTED A MORE EQUAL FAIR SOCIETY LOW WAGES 2 UNSANITARY SLUMS 3

GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION PEOPLE BELIEVED THAT IT WAS TIME FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO STEP IN Life time savings were used in order for people to survive Not everyone had savings; left with nothing Unable to feed their families

Co-operation commonwealth federation * FOUNDED IN CALGARY IN 1932 * FIRST PRESIDENT = J.S. WOODSWORTH

REGINA MANIFESTO GOALS SHELTERS FOR JOBLESS AND HOMELESS JOB CREATION PROGRAMS PENSIONS HEALTH SERVICES

Rise of socialism in Québec PREMIER ANTI-UNION ANTI- COMMUNIST PROMOTED LAISSEZ FAIRE ECONMIC POLITICS Gov’t increased their role in economy Accused of limited right and freedoms of citizens

Quiet revolution In the 1960’s, Quebec, indeed the world, was agitated by powerful currents of change. Liberal and leftist forces everywhere questioned the social order that had been accepted for so long…[E]qual and adequate accessibility for classes and regions to educational and social services, economic well-being for all, and the establishment of a social safety net were voiced and pursued strongly here (Quebec), as they were in many other places. - Source: Claude Belanger, “The Quiet Revolution,” August 23, 2000.

* EMBRACED SOCIALIST VALUES * The parti Québécois * WANTED SOVEREIGNTY FOR QUEBEC * * EMBRACED SOCIALIST VALUES * The real degree of civilization is also indicated to us by the treatment shown to the unorganized and usually silent multitude of the weakest and most disadvantaged people: the elderly, the defenseless children, the handicapped, families with many children on a modest income.

Government introduced government funded social programs: Continued… Government introduced government funded social programs: Public insurance program Pharmacare 3) $7-a-day univeral child care system 4) Generous parental leave program

Platform of 2008 Our values are clear. It is not by continuing to tolerate the widening gap in wealth between the richest and the poorest that we will progress…it is necessary to reform the state so that it becomes more efficient and more humane.