S02-470 HySafe – The network of excellence for hydrogen safety Thomas JORDAN Institut für Kern- und Energietechnik Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH jordan@iket.fzk.de

diffusion coefficient Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Motivation 5 1,5 Safety relevant properties of hydrogen - methane - propane - gasoline vapour density 1,0 buoyancy 4 0,5 0,0 3 3 -0,5 kg/m rLuft-r Gas (kg/m3) -1,0 2 -1,5 -2,0 1 -2,5 -3,0 hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. -3,5 0,7 diffusion coefficient 0,35 80 ignition energy flammability range 0,6 0,3 F=1 70 0,5 0,25 60 0,4 50 2 /s mJ 0,2 OEG-UEG (%) cm 40 0,3 0,15 30 0,2 0,1 20 0,1 0,05 10 hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. 3 140 0,12 laminar burning velocity heat of combustion detonation sensitivity 2,5 120 0,1 F=1 100 F=1 2 0,08 80 1/mm m/s MJ/kg 1,5 0,06 60 1 0,04 40 0,5 0,02 20 hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap. hydrogen methane propane gasoline vap.

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Motivation hydrogen methane propane gasoline vapour 100 Differences between H2 and other burning gases ~ factor 10 in all important qualities Successful risk management needs H2 specific analyses and mitigation measures 10 1 Related to hydrogen 0,1 Release Mixing Zündung Lam. Deflagration Turb. Deflagration Detonation 0,01 F -r F mix -1 S L r h -1/2 r c D A C st UFL-LFL i AI c Q/m Q/V L · AICC CJ CJ r E T d AICC S s AICC T c l P P D Dichte -sonic Auftrieb -turbulent Zündenergie AICC Druck Löschspaltweite AICC Temperatur Strahlimpuls- laminar Molekulare Diffusion Brennbarkeitsgrenzen Detonationszellgröße CJ-Detonationsdruck Molare stöchiom. Konz. Selbstzünd. Temperatur Laminare Brenngeschw. CJ-Detonationsgeschw. Spez. Verbrennungswärme Volum. Verbrennungswärme Potential für Flammenbeschl. AICC Schallgeschwindigkeit

∫ dt = Objectives NoE HySafe Objectives General Goal Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Objectives ∫ dt = NoE HySafe Objectives strengthen and focus, integrate fragmented research on hydrogen safety  competitive scientific and industrial community Promoting public awareness and trust in hydrogen technologies development of an excellent safety culture General Goal Contribute to a safe transition to a sustainable development in Europe by facilitating the safe introduction of hydrogen technologies / applications Motivated the EC to apply new instrument of FP6 = so-called Network of Excellence As the previously described fragmented landscape is a prototypical setting for such an instrument Objectives All this provided by INTEGRATION Which should finally contribute to the GENERAL GOAL which is

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Details Consortium 24 partners from 12 European countries and one Canadian partner 12 public research organisations, 7 industrial partners, 5 universities ~150 scientists Time schedule network/project start: 03/2004 subsidised max. duration: 5 years Budget Total > 13 M€ with a EC grant of max. 7 M€

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Consortium Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH DE L’Air Liquide FR Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BMW Forschung und Technik GmbH Building Research Establishment Ltd UK Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Det Norske Veritas AS NO Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft ICT Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH GexCon AS The United Kingdom’s Health and Safety Laboratory Foundation INASMET ES Inst. Nat. de l’Environnement industriel et des RISques Instituto Superior Technico PT European Commission - JRC - Institute for Energy NL National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos EL Norsk Hydro ASA Risø National Laboratory DK TNO University of Calgary CA University of Pisa IT Universidad Politécnica de Madrid University of Ulster VOLVO Technology Corporation SE Warsaw University of Technology PL

Organisational Structure Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Organisational Structure Reporting Single Point of Contact European Commission Governing Board Approval Reporting Request Advise Advisory Council Management Office Request Advise Co-ordinator Co-ordination Committee Sub-Committee WP 16 Sub-Committee WP 1 Coordinator STORHY Coordinator HYWAYS Coordinator NATURALHY

European Hydrogen Safety Centre Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination External Networking RC&S IEA ISO CEN HFP North America HyApproval EH SC Advisory Council European Hydrogen Safety Centre HyWays Japan Russia StorHy HyCourse HyTrain NATURALHY HyFire R&D HySAFEST E&T

15 Work Packages in 4 Clusters Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination 15 Work Packages in 4 Clusters

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Activity Matrix Risik Control Phenomena Application / Scenarios Distribution Fires and Explosions Mitigation Risik Analysis RC&S Production PIRT Transport Refueling Street Vehicles Other Vehicles Portables Stationary Preliminary Ranking

IEF - Experimental Facilities Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination IEF - Experimental Facilities only 6 out of > 80

CFD Club – Benchmarking Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination CFD Club – Benchmarking SBEP V2 (Deflagration) 20m hemisphere (Fh-ICT test) SBEP V3 (Dispersion) 240g H2 into „garage“

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Numerical Tools I Partner Code CFD/integral/other Applicability area BRE JASMINE, SOFIE, CFX CFD V2: combustion and heat transfer; V3: mitigation CEA CAST3M coupled to integral/CFD V1: distribution/mixing V2: combustion; V3: mitigation SIDONHY Two-phase 1D V1: release from high pressure tanks DNV FLACS, CFX V1: ventilation, dispersion V2: explosion, pressure effects; V4: risk assessment Phast Integral V1: release/dispersion and V4: risk assessment FZJ CFX4 V1: atmospheric spreading of H2-air-steam clouds, distribution in complex geometries V2: combustion of flammable H2-air mixtures LauV V1: LH2 pool spreading and vaporisation on different grounds FZK GASFLOW V3: mitigation devices COM3D, FLAME3D, DET3D V2: combustion at different regimes V3: combustion mitigation GexCon FLACS V2: explosion, pressure effects from dispersion/premixed V3: mitigation strategies; V4 HSE/HSL Star CD, CFX, SOFIE, AutoReagas V1: mixing and distribution V2: combustion, V3: mitigation and V4: risk assessment Scope, Fred INERIS PHOENICS, ARIARISK V1: release, mixing and distribution JRC REACFLOW V2: pressure effects from H2 explosions Simulations within confined/semi-confined geometries

Numerical Tools II > 30 Numerical Tools Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Numerical Tools II Partner Code CFD/integral/other Applicability area NCSRD ADREA-HF CFD V1: release, mixing and distribution V3: mitigation (venting, water spraying) GAJET Integral V1: discharge from CGH2 system NH FLACS Fluent, KAMELEON V1: high pressure discharges, high speed jet impingement, in- and outdoor dispersion V2: combustion and explosions PHAST Risø GReAT REDIPHEM V1: outdoor buoyant plume dispersion, “instantaneous” concentrations V4: methodologies for RA Database structure for dispersion tests TNO AutoReaGas V1: dispersion; V2: explosion and pressure effects UC CFD (2D, 3D) V2: combustion, detonation; V3: venting, pressure effects V4: simulation of accident scenarios UPM CFX4 V1: distribution, mixing, heat transfer; V2: combustion V3: mitigation (venting, recombiners) MELCOR UU CINDY V1: distribution/mixing: V2: accidental combustion; V4: risk assessment (modelling of consequences) FLUENT WUT ZND Detailed chemistry V2: combustion DL CFD (1D) DETON CFD (2D) KIVA-3V CFD (3D) V1: release/distribution/mixing > 30 Numerical Tools

Integration of Experience Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Integration of Experience Incidence and Accidents Database (HIAD) Structure: Administration & Risk “environment” Where (application, environment,…) Technical specification of the event Equipment spec, location,…. Hazardous Event Specification What happened and why Hazardous Event Consequences Specification Fatalities, injuries, property damage, …

Integration/Support of RC&S Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Integration/Support of RC&S

Integration/Support of RC&S Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Integration/Support of RC&S

Research Headlines (Partially) Confined Releases Mitigation Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Research Headlines (Partially) Confined Releases Mitigation have been determined by - initial PIRT study - expert questionnaire - state-of-the-art survey communicate the network’s working topics, orientate the work on intermediate time scale (proposals for experiments, benchmarking, Internal Projects …)

Internal Project “InsHyde” Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Internal Project “InsHyde” Investigation of realistic non-catastrophic releases in (partially) confined areas Determination of permeation and release limits Systematic assessment of mitigation (including detection) measures (sensors + venting + recombiner+...) Simulations and experiments for critical releases Deriving „Recommendations“, → standards, ...

Internal Project “HyTunnel” Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Internal Project “HyTunnel” - Selection of broadly accepted szenarios. - Review of available relevant numerical and experimental simulations - Qualitative assessment on standard mitigation measures effectiveness (benchmark) Experimental part (depending on financing) Extension of the EC Tunnel „directives“ → Improved Tunnel Safety with H2 as the fuel of the future

Internal Project “HyTunnel” Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Internal Project “HyTunnel” Simulation of a LH2 release due to loss of thermal insulation in a tunnel accident

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Further activities … … in WP9 “IgnHyd” Probabilistic Ignition Modelling … in WP12 Applicability of existing HZ and Q-D rules … with EC IP StorHy for storage in road vehicles. - Bonfire Test Standard / Impinging jet fire (EIHPII) - Safety characterisation of solid storage materials / systems … cooperation and safety review of EC STREP HyApproval – handbook for refueling stations EC STREP HyPER – handbook for small stationary system (under negotiation)

WP1: BRHS WP15: e-Academy WP16: RC&S Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination WP1: BRHS First Edition of Biennial Report on Hydrogen Safety (constituting the iteratively updated “Handbook on Hydrogen Safety”) Publicly accessible literature database Design of curriculum (living document with many external contributions) Database of hydrogen industries (publicly accessible via website) Summer School on Hydrogen Safety HYCOURSE start 19-24 August 2006 in Belfast Early stage training HySAFEST, successful application for Marie-Curie-Program and possible clustering with HYFIRE WP15: e-Academy WP16: RC&S Safety Assessment / Reporting Framework for FP7 (HySafe Safety Action Plan) Guidelines for subsidised projects, safety audits and reporting templates

Invitation to the 2nd ICHS on … Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Int. Conference ICHS Invitation to the 2nd ICHS on …

Short Courses (WHEC programme p. 84) Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Short Courses (WHEC programme p. 84)

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination www.hysafe.net

Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Support NoE HySafe is co-funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Programme (2002-2006); Contract n°: SES6-CT-2004-502630. The network is contributing to the implementation of the Key Action "Integrating and strengthening the ERA" within the Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Thanks to all HySafe colleagues… … and thank you for your attention.

Internal Project “HyTunnel” Introduction – Networking – Structuring Work – Integration – Activities – Dissemination Accidents in public focus Heterogenous regulations Costly and long term investments