C H A P T E R C H A P T E R Beverages 9

Types of Wines Wines… Wine is fermented juice of grapes Light beverage wines (White, Rose, and Red) Sparkling wines (Champagne) Fortified wines (Sherry, Port, and Madeira) Have brandy or wine alcohol added Aromatic wines (Vermouth and Aperitif) Flavored with herbs, roots, flowers, and barks

Wines Vocabulary… Varietal Vintage Type of grape from which wines are made, and for which they are named Vintage Year in which a wine’s grapes were harvested

Light Table Wines Red Wines… Rose… Made from red grapes Coloring from grape skins Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir Rose… Actually a category of red Remove skin early in fermentation

Types of Wines White Wines… Made from white grapes Age and mature faster than red wines Riesling Chenin Blanc

How Wine is Made Crushing… Fermenting… A mixture of grape pulp, skins, seeds, and stems Fermenting… A chemical process by which yeast acts on sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide

How Wine is Made Racking… Maturing… Filtering… Bottling… Aging a wine Fining Clarifying Bottling…

Relationship to Food Relationship… White Wines Red Wines Poultry, fish, and egg entrees Red Wines Any game or red meat Sparkling Wines Any course, from dry to sweet The heavier the food, the heavier the wine

Describing a Wine Use of textures… Softness and smoothness Richness and thickness Correspond to touch and temperature

Describing a Wine Use of flavors… Fruity, minty, and herbal Nutty, cheesy, and smoky Correspond to use of nose and tongue

Wine Producing Regions Europe… France Bordeaux and Burgundy Champagne and Cognac Italy Chianti Germany Riesling

Wine Producing Regions Europe (cont.)… Spain Sherry Portugal Port

Wine Producing Regions America… “Wines Across America” http://www.wines-across-america.com California North and Central Coast Napa and Sonoma Great Central Valley Southern California

Wine Producing Regions America (cont.)… New York Oregon and Washington Canada Australia South America South Africa

Types of Beers Beer… Lager Ale Stout Pilsner Clear light bodied Fuller bodied, more bitter Stout Dark ale, sweet, strong, malt flavor Pilsner Style of beer brewing

Malt Beverages Brewing Process… Water Malt Yeast Hops Ground barley Fermenting agent Hops

Microbreweries Microbreweries… Smaller breweries Locally made and distributed Rock Bottom Karl Strauss Sierra Nevada Samuel Adams

Spirits Spirits or Liquor Proof Liquid that has been fermented and distilled Proof Liquor’s alcohol content In U.S. proof is twice the % of alcohol

Whisky Whisky… Made from a fermented mash of grain to which malt, in the form of barley, is added Scotch Whisky Smokey Kilns Irish Whisky Not dried, milder

Whisky Whisky (cont.)… Bourbon Whisky Canadian Whisky Corn mixed with rye Canadian Whisky From corn

White Spirits White Spirits… Gin Rum Vodka From juniper berries Light is from sugarcane Dark is from molasses Tequila Vodka Lacks color, odor, and flavor

Other Spirits and Cocktails Brandy… Distilled from wine Cognacs from France Cocktails… Drinks made by mixing 2 or more ingredients Stirred, shaken, or blended

Trends in Nonalcoholic Beverages Nonalcoholic beer and wine Coffee Tea Carbonated soft drinks Juices Bottled water

Bars and Beverage Management Physical bar setup Critical for effectiveness “Stations” properly placed Location of “well” versus “call” brands Relationship of beer

Inventory Control Inventory Control… Four major objectives Safeguards the company’s assets Provides reliable accounting records Promotes operating efficiency Encourages adherence to policies Physical count is the key to success

Personnel Procedures Procedures… Properly screen and hire bar personnel Methods for controlling employee theft “Spotters” “Bank switch”

Different Types of Beverage Establishments Restaurant bars Hotel bars Night clubs Microbreweries Sports bars Coffee shops

Liquor Liability and the Law Liability and Law… The bar is liable if They serve a minor They serve a person who is intoxicated Dram shop law Bar is liable for injuries caused by intoxicated customers TIPS training

Trends in Alcoholic Beverages Comeback of cocktails Designer bottled water Microbreweries More wine consumption Increase in coffee houses and coffee intake