Cancer

When you hear the word cancer, what comes to mind? Yiayia & Erica

What is Cancer? Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body

How does CANCER happen? Cancer is essentially a DISEASE OF MITOSIS normal “checkpoints” regulating mitosis are ignored or overridden by the cancer cell Cancer begins when a single cell is TRANSFORMED from a normal cell to a cancer cell

Cancer and the Cell Cycle Human cancers are nearly all caused by: Mutations in one or more genes that regulate the cell cycle There are 2 classes of genes that regulate cell growth and division: Growth Factors: initiate cell division Tumor Suppressor Genes: produce proteins that STOP cell division Oncogenes: (a cancer causing gene) Produces hormones that stimulate cell division Cause abnormal cells to grow TUMOR

Let’s take a look at online activity 9.4 & 12.4 as a class!

Tumors Benign Tumor Malignant Tumor An abnormal mass of essentially normal cells Always remain at original site Masses of cells that result from the reproduction of cancer cells Replaces all normal tissue as it grows If not killed or removed it can spread into surrounding tissues

Metastasis: The spread of cancer beyond their original site.

Mutations

Anything that can cause cancer Carcinogens Anything that can cause cancer

Treatment Treatments for cancer are: surgery OR Radiation and Chemotherapy Undesirable side effects: Ovaries/testes can be damaged causing sterility Hair follicles are damaged causing hair loss Intestinal cells are damaged leading to nausea Can also suffer from oral sores, rashes, tooth decay Hair Loss

Videos Cancer Videos Cell Cycle Animations