Science, Technology, Society and You Choose to view chapter section with a click on the section heading. Life on an Ocean Planet Defining Your Study Science, Technology, Society and You How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter Topic Menu

Life on an Ocean Planet Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1-3 to 1–7

…in the observable universe. The Scientist in You What is a scientist? Someone who uses the processes of science to find answers about how and why things work… …in the world. …in the observable universe. Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1-3

The Scientist in You This is what makes science an adventure full of discovery and wonder. Science isn’t simply a body of facts, but the way you analyze those facts. Doing this analysis is called the “scientific process” and when you use it, you are a scientist. Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1-3

The Ocean Planet The ocean produces two influences vital to life on Earth. Weather and world climate patterns dictate how warm, cold, wet, or dry it will be. Where humans live on land is mostly determined by the ocean. In addition, the ocean provides three important resources: Food • Oxygen • Natural Resources (such as oil) Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1–3 to 1–7

The Ocean Planet Humans have seen all of the Earth’s surface, but there’s far more to discover beneath the ocean. Without knowing much about our ocean, humans are increasingly changing it for the worse. Commercial fishing is depleting fish. Pollution due mainly to overpopulation. Crucial marine environments are dying off. Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1–3 to 1–7

The Ocean Planet What is Ocean Literacy? Ocean literacy means understanding the basic concepts related to how the ocean functions as an ecosystem, and how and why it is vital to human existence. Ocean literacy means understanding the consequences of human interaction with the sea. Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1–3 to 1–7

The Ocean Planet Why is Ocean Literacy important? It allows you to make responsible decisions related to the ocean. Decisions regarding: How you vote responsibly. The products and services to buy. Managing and preserving the ocean for our own sake and others. Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1–3 to 1–7

Thinking About the Process of Science in a Concept Map Life on an Ocean Planet Chapter 1 Pages 1–6 to 1–7

Defining Your Study Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–8 to 1-17

Marine Science Marine Science – the process of discovering facts, processes, and unifying principles that explain the nature of the ocean, its associated life forms, and how the ocean interacts with other earth systems. Marine science is an integral part of Earth science. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–8 to 1-10

Marine Science Oceanography – the science of recording and describing the ocean’s contents and processes. There are four main branches of oceanography. Biological oceanography – studies life in the ocean. Chemical oceanography – studies the chemistry of seawater. Geological oceanography – studies the geology of the ocean. Physical oceanography – studies the physics within the marine environment. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–8 to 1-10

Marine Science Technology has made marine exploration and its associated careers possible. It is through technology that true marine exploration has become possible. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–8 to 1-10

Integrating the Sciences Marine Science – draws on research from all three of the traditional sciences to understand what is observed in the ocean. Marine science is truly an interdisciplinary course of study. Most marine scientists have training in all three of the traditional science disciplines. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–11 to 1-13

Integrating the Sciences Marine Science draws from: 1. Physical Science – study of matter and energy and their interactions. Physics and Chemistry. 2. Life Science – study of living things and their interactions with their environments. 3. Earth and Space Science – study of the physical Earth, the solar system, the universe and their interrelationships. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–11 to 1-13

Studying Science Itself Marine science involves four study areas beyond traditional science disciplines: Science as Inquiry – applying science as a way of solving problems, answering questions. Science and Technology – learning how science advances technology and vice–versa. Science in Personal and Social Perspectives – how science affects you and society. Historical Nature of Science – understanding how science evolved as a discipline. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–13 to 1-15

Studying Science Itself Situatedness is the explanation of when, where, and why a concept came about. It is important to marine scientists because in oceanography, they may apply established scientific concepts that they will never personally demonstrate or observe. Situatedness gives scientists some basis for judging the validity of scientific concepts. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–13 to 1-15

Cross–Disciplinary Nature of Marine Science Many sciences, professions, and careers draw on basic marine science. These disciplines include: atmospheric science, astronomy, ecology, biomedical research, environmental science, etc. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 15–8 to 1-16

Cross–Disciplinary Nature of Marine Science Cross–discipline areas of study include: Math – Mathematics is the universal “language” of science that helps you explain the physical nature of the ocean. History – A historical review provides insight to the past, present, and future of our ocean. A historical background provides a context of how and why the study of oceanography has changed over time. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–5 to 1-16

Cross–Disciplinary Nature of Marine Science Cross–discipline areas of study include: Technology – Some say technology causes problems, some say it increases our knowledge. It is really the advances in technology that has made modern oceanography possible. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–15 to 1-16

Cross–Disciplinary Nature of Marine Science Cross–discipline areas of study include: Social Sciences – Decisions about the environment may affect the life of others on the planet. Literature – Announcing scientific findings to others requires using literary and artistic forms. Arts – The method of experimentation may be in the form of videography or ethnography rather than the typical experiment. Defining Your Study Chapter 1 Pages 1–15 to 1-16

Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–18 to 1–34

Science - A Definition Science is a body of knowledge and an organized method used to gain knowledge about the observable universe. Science, Technology, Society , and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–19

Technology – A Benefit and a Burden A technology is a material system that produces intended results or in a general sense, knowledge of those systems. Technology has both improved and threatened daily life. Benefit – health care, transportation, communication, agriculture and exploration. Burden – issues such as pollution spills and overfishing. Science, Technology, Society , and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–19 to 1–21

Technology – A Benefit and a Burden There are three broad actions that society can take with respect to the effects of science and technology on the environment: 1. Consider the environment a lost cause and disregard the effects. 2. Dismiss the effect as overstated by scientists and inconsequential. 3. Prioritize the consequences in developing and applying technologies. Without a doubt, the last broad action appears the most logical. Science, Technology, Society , and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–19 to 1–21

The Scientific Method The formal, organized steps scientists follow in proposing explanations for their observations and then testing their explanations are called the scientific method. When you apply the scientific method, you apply scientific process skills (identifying the problem, classifying data, communicating findings, interpreting measurements, predicting outcomes, and recording data). Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–22 to 1–31

The Five Basic Steps to the The Scientific Method The Five Basic Steps to the scientific method include: 1. Identify the problem (or question). 2. Make a hypothesis – making an educated guess you can test about the answer. You use inductive reasoning to propose a process that explains the facts you observe. You use deductive reasoning to propose what you would observe should a known process take place. Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–22 to 1–31

The Five Basic Steps to the The Scientific Method The Five Basic Steps to the scientific method include: 3. Test the hypothesis. 4. Interpret and analyze results – if the data supports your hypothesis, you have a theory. 5. Report results, procedures and conclusions. Reporting results is important because it allows other scientists to verify your work and conclusions, and it allows other scientists to build on what you’ve learned. Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–22 to 1–31

The Progress of Science Because science is a process, it changes. Science progresses through the revision of theories in the light of new evidence or better explanations of existing evidence. Just because someone proposes a new theory and new evidence, it does not mean things change overnight. Scientific progress also has social and scientific influences. Often, it takes acceptance by prominent scientists with noted credibility before the new theory replaces the old. Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Page 1–31

Staying Current with Science Keeping up with current trends, findings, and developments benefit you: You can anticipate changes caused by science and technology, prepare, and advance your career with them or …. you can disregard them and spend time trying to catch up with those who don’t. Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–32 to 1–33

Staying Current with Science Keeping up with current trends, findings, and developments benefit you: By being current you can help society handle the effects of science. You can base your ethical evaluations, estimates, and other potential effects on accurate information. You can then vote and voice opinions based on reality rather than on misconceptions. Science, Technology, Society, and You Chapter 1 Pages 1–32 to 1–33

How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–35 to 1-43

Study Elements and Visual References There are six basic study elements (units) in Life on an Ocean Planet that divide marine science into meaningful segments. These units are: Unit 1: Importance of Ocean Exploration Unit 2: The Foundation of Life in the Ocean Unit 3: A Water World Unit 4: The Motion of the Ocean Unit 5: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea Unit 6: The Present and Future of the Marine Environment How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References These units cover a broad spectrum of marine science fundamentals, which helps you prepare for a career in or related to marine science. The six units show you the various marine sciences. This covers what related careers involve. One goal being to help you find what areas of marine science fit best with your interests and desires. Most important, however, is your desire, passion, and interest in that career. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References Major headings (black) and subheadings (blue) divide each chapter. Paying attention to these helps to organize the content in your head. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References Learning Objectives are in green. They are found under all subheadings. IMPORTANT: as you read, find the answers to each of the learning objective questions. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References Relevant supplement information: found in sidebars with purple headings. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References Photos and illustrations are labeled in red. These provide important visual information to illustrate what you’re reading. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References Quick quiz questions (ARE YOU LEARNING?) are found at the end of a main subject division. IMPORTANT: Make sure you can answer the questions from memory before moving on. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References New Terms You Learned found at the end of each chapter. From Chapter One on, these new terms build on each other. However, ALL terms are found in the Glossary. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References Chapter in Review questions are found at the end of each chapter. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Study Elements and Visual References End of Chapter, critical thinking questions. Most of these don’t have one “right” answer. Apply information from the Chapter. Respect differing views. Apply original thinking. Be able to defend your answers. How to Learn Marine Science Most Effectively Chapter 1 Page 1–35 to 1-38

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Regardless of the subject you want to learn, use this study system to remember material from a textbook. SQ3R = Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review (these are the 3 “R’s”) How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Step One – Survey Fix the name of the chapter in your mind. Read the marine scientist’s profile. Scan the entire chapter. Read subheads, look at all photos and illustrations, and sidebar titles. Look for italicized new terms. Explore chapter’s general flow. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Step Two – Question Question what’s in the chapter. Turn each subhead into a question. For example, if the subhead is Water’s Unique Properties, in your mind ASK: “What are water’s unique properties?” Read all of the subhead’s study questions printed in green italics. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Step Three – Read This is where most students begin their study – but if you do, your study will not be as effective. AFTER you’ve completed the first two important steps, now read the content within a subhead. Read to answer the green italics study questions. It’s best to write down answers to all the study questions on a separate piece of paper. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Step Four – Recite When you find an answer to a Study Question as you read, recite it out loud or quietly to yourself. Reciting, not just rereading, helps you learn much more effectively. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Step Five – Review Answer the “Chapter in Review” and “Connecting Chapter Concepts – Science Scenarios” questions at the end of each chapter. Answer the “Marine Science in the Real World” questions. Review the SciLinks internet reference on a topic. Use the laboratory activities and field research excursions to further your review. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet If you want to succeed at anything in life, persistence is most important – review, review, review. Don’t read Life on an Ocean Planet like a novel. Use the SQ3R study system to learn. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43

Learning Effectively with Life on an Ocean Planet Connect what you learn in this course with other courses you are taking. Apply your learning to labs and activities. Follow your curiosity. If you find something interesting, explore that topic more fully. How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently Chapter 1 Pages 1–38 to 1–43