Commercial Revolution, Mercantilism, Technological Advancements, Trade Route Maps Global Trade Notes

Remember the Columbian Exchange? Short-term: Defeat of the Incan and Aztec empires Native Americans die from “European” diseases Enslaved Africans go to the Americas American foods (corn, potatoes) introduced in Europe Long-term: Spread of items (corn, horses) worldwide Population growth worldwide Exchange of ideas, technology, arts Growth of capitalism Population migration from Europe to the Americas

New Economic Policy Tariffs Mercantilism Taxes on imported goods—high for colonies Mercantilism aimed to strengthen the economies of European nations at the expense of other areas Must export more than you import Colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country (Colonists could not trade with anyone other than the mother country)

The System of Mercantilism RAW MATERIALS FINISHED GOODS + tariffs GOAL = MOTHER NATIONS MAKE $$ AT THE EXPENSE OF THEIR COLONIES!!

The Commercial Revolution Inflation rise in prices of everyday goods due to the increase in population and increase in demand for goods Growth of capitalism Investment of money to make a profit Increase in the number of entrepreneurs Joint-stock company—funding for overseas ventures

Looking Ahead Voyages of Exploration marked the beginning of European domination New exposure to culture, food, art, etc. Huge economic success for Western European nations Cause of conflict between European nations and each other/rest of the world

Quick Review Questions Explain one short-term and one long-term effect the Columbian Exchange had on global trade. Describe the relationship between a colony and its mother country in the mercantilism system. What role did capitalism play in the Commercial Revolution?

Technological & scientific advancements

Advancements: China Paper Silk Compass Porcelain

Advancements: India, Middle East Textiles Numeral System

Scientific Transfer Medicine Astronomy Mathematics

Trade Route Maps

Trade Route Maps Get out your completed maps and compare your answers to the trade route maps as we go over them.

Trade Routes (Silk Road)

Indian Ocean Routes

Trans-Saharan Routes

Northern Europe—Black Sea

W. European Rivers

South China Sea Routes

Trade in East Asia & Africa Class Notes Trade in East Asia & Africa

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia (particularly Malaysia and Indonesia) was known for its spices European demand for spices was very high, and whichever European nation could control the spice trade would be prosperous The Dutch (from the Netherlands) gained control over the spice trade, establishing the Dutch East India Company.

China

Why are Europeans interested in trading with China? Europeans have been interested in Chinese products like tea, porcelain and silk for centuries. During the Renaissance, the Europeans gain the desire to avoid trade through the Silk Road (avoid the Ottomans as the “middle man”) The Age of Discovery grants Europe the technology needed to sail from Europe to China.

What is the Chinese reaction to European trade and influence? The Chinese have products far superior to any offered to them as trade by Europeans. So, they aren’t too interested in trade. The Chinese create foreign enclaves to try to limit European entry and to control trade. The Chinese government continues the imperial policy of controlling trade and European influence.

Japan

Why were Europeans interested in trading with Japan? While Japan produces few products of its own, Japan is geographically near China. Europeans, and eventually Americans, hoped that a friendly relationship with Japan would encourage a friendly relationship with China as well.

What is the Japanese reaction to European trade and influence? Japan is controlled by a powerless emperor and a military leader called a shogun is actually in charge. In the 1600s, Japan introduced a policy of isolationism to exclude any type of foreign influence. This isolation lasts until American Matthew Perry leads a fleet into Tokyo and forces the opening of trade.

Africa

Why were Europeans interested in trade with Africa? Africa was one of the first global locations to be explored during the Age of Discovery. They had several exports that Europeans were interested in: Raw materials—ivory and gold Slaves (triangular trade) They also had several imports that they wanted from Europe: Manufactured goods New food products (corn, peanuts)

What is the African reaction to European influence and trade? Generally, the Africans are receptive to European trade. They are benefitting from the trade practices.