1. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Dr. Afxendiou
Global History and Geography 9
Sachem North High School

3. CAUSES OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Long Term Causes
The Scientific Revolution
Europeans search for a sea route to Asia
Immediate Causes
Columbus and other Europeans arrive in the Americas
Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas
Europeans encounter new plants and animals in the Americas

4. EFFECTS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Immediate Effects
Spanish defeat Aztec and Incan Empires
Millions of Native Americans die from “European” diseases
Enslaved Africans are sent to the Americas
American foods, including corn and potatoes, are introduced into Europe
Long Term Effects
Spread of items such as
horses, corn, potatoes,
and sugar around the world
Population growth in
Europe, Africa and Asia
Exchange of ideas,
technology, arts, and
language between Europe
and the Americas
Population migration from
Europe to the Americas
Growth of capitalism

5. The Triangular Trade

6. The Middle Passage - Slaves

7. THE MIDDLE PASSAGE 1450-1850 18th century
12 million Africans sent across Atlantic
10-11 million survive
18th century
Height of trade
80 percent of total trade during this century
Primarily young men for hard labor
The continued high volume was necessary because of high slave mortality and low fertility

8. Slave Ship Interior
Middle Passage –slave voyage from Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience

9. “Coffin” Position: Onboard a Slave Ship