INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS lecture 1 :Overview of Information Systems (IS) أ/ غدير عاشور ماجستير إدارة نظم المعلومات - بريطانيا بكالوريوس علوم الحاسب الآلي – بريطانيا ashour.ghadeer@gmail.com أ/غدير عاشور

Introduction to the module Contents: The main concepts of the Information System Cost/value, quality of information and competitive advantage of information. Specification, design and reengineering of IS. Application versus, system software, package software solutions. Procedural versus non-procedural programming languages أ/غدير عاشور

Cont.... Object Oriented design. Database features, functions and architecture. Networks and telecommunication system and applications. Characteristics of IS professionals and IS career paths Information security, crime and ethics. أ/غدير عاشور

Module delivery Lectures: typically 2 hours each session Tutorials: typically 2 hours each session Unstaffed time and guided reading أ/غدير عاشور

Module Assessments Two periodic tests (%20 each) Week 7 Week 12 One summative coursework (%10) Final exam (%50) أ/غدير عاشور

Module text book “introduction to Information Systems” O’Brien , Marakas, fifteenth Edition. أ/غدير عاشور

What is a System? A system could be defined as: “a set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.” (O’Brien, Markas, 2010) Examples: The physical system of the sun and its planets. The biological system of the human body. The technological system of an oil refinery. أ/غدير عاشور

What is an Information System? An IS is a collection of components that works together to provide help in the operation and management of an organisation. An IS does not need to be computer-based أ/غدير عاشور

Why do we need to understand IS Understanding system concepts will help us understand many other concepts in the technology, applications, development, and management of information systems. Information systems and technologies are vital components of successful business and organizations - some would say they are business imperatives. أ/غدير عاشور

System Components Three main basic components(Function) of a System: Input: involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. For examples, raw materials, energy, data, and human effort must be secured and organized for processing. Processing: involves transformation processes that convert input into output. For examples, manufacturing processes, the human breathing process, or mathematical calculations. أ/غدير عاشور

Cont’d Output: involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination. For examples, finished products, human services, and management information must be transmitted to their human users. أ/غدير عاشور

Examples A manufacturing system accepts raw material as and produces finished goods as output. An information system is a system that accepts resources (data) as input and processes them into products (information) as output. أ/غدير عاشور

Two Additional Components of The System The system concept becomes even more useful by including two additional elements as follows: Feedback: is data about the performance of the system. For example, Data about sales performance are feedback to a sales manager. Data about the speed, altitude, and direction of an aircraft are feedback to the aircraft’s pilot or autopilot. أ/غدير عاشور

Cont’d Control: involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal. The control function then makes the necessary adjustments to a system’s input and processing components to ensure that it produces proper output. For example, A sales manager exercises control when reassigning salespersons to new sales territories after evaluating feedback about their sales performance. An airline pilot, or the aircraft’s autopilot, makes minute adjustments after evaluating the feedback from the instruments to ensure the plane is exactly where the pilot wants it to be. أ/غدير عاشور

More System Characteristics System Environment: system does not exist in vacuum, it rather exists and functions in an environment containing other systems. Subsystem: if a system is a components of a larger systems, it is a subsystem, and the larger system is its environment. System Interface: a shared boundary that allows the system to be connected to one another. Open System: a system that interacts with other systems in its environment. Adaptive System: a system that has the ability to change itself or its environment to survive. أ/غدير عاشور

Types of IS Operational Managerial Informating Transaction e.g. bank statements Process e.g. workflow, Enterprise Resource Planning (EPR) Managerial Decision support systems (DSS), Environment Support Solution (ESS) Informating Provide information to allow workers to carry out tasks without reference to managers Data warehouses competitive advantages october 2010

IS resources People resources: Hardware resources: Software resources: End-user IS specialists Hardware resources: Machines Media Software resources: Programmes Procedures Data resources: Data and knowledge Networks resources: Communication media and networks أ/غدير عاشور

relationship All the components works together to achieve common goals by accepting inputs and produce outputs in an organised transformation process. An information system depends on the resources أ/غدير عاشور

Relationship Information System Model Figure 1.19 (O’Brien/ Marakas, 15th ed., p. 31, 2010) أ/غدير عاشور

Model Discussion This model highlights the relationships among the components and activities of information systems It emphasizes four major concepts which could be applied to all types of information systems: People, hardware, software, data, and networks are the basic resources of information systems. Each resource contain different type Data resources are transformed by information processing activities into a variety of information products for end users. information processing consists of the system activities of input, processing, output, storage, and control. أ/غدير عاشور

Any Questions Reading: "INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS", by James A. O'Brien / Marakas, (15th), McGraw-Hill Chapter 1 (Section 2) أ/غدير عاشور alaa@minshawi.com

Next Week Topic Topic: Cost/value, quality of information, and competitive advantage of information Reading: Chapter 2: section 1 & 2 أ/غدير عاشور