Importance of Religion

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Presentation transcript:

Importance of Religion

1. Book of the Dead

2. Pyramids/Temples

3. Artwork

4. Careful Burial Preparation

Mummification Purpose- to preserve the body for the afterlife Process- (see slides) Results- a mummy

Embalming the body First, his body is taken to the tent known as 'ibu' or the 'place of purification'. There the embalmers wash his body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with water from the Nile. One of the embalmer's men makes a cut in the left side of the body and removes many of the internal organs. It is important to remove these because they are the first part of the body to decompose. The liver, lungs, stomach and intestines are washed and packed in natron which will dry them out. The heart is not taken out of the body because it is the centre of intelligence and feeling and the man will need it in the afterlife. A long hook is used to smash the brain and pull it out through the nose.

The body is now covered and stuffed with natron which will dry it out The body is now covered and stuffed with natron which will dry it out. All of the fluids, and rags from the embalming process will be saved and buried along with the body. After forty days the body is washed again with water from the Nile. Then it is covered with oils to help the skin stay elastic. The dehydrated internal organs are wrapped in linen and returned to the body. The body is stuffed with dry materials such as sawdust, leaves and linen so that it looks lifelike

Materials used in mummification: linen sawdust lichen beeswax resin natron onion Nile mud linen pads frankincense

Mummification tools: Brain hooks Oil jar Funnel Embalmer's knife

Burial Tombs

Monotheism vs. Polytheism

Division of Ancient Egypt Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom

Old Kingdom 3100 BC- 2200 BC Begins with the unification of upper and lower Egypt under King Menes

Creates capital at Memphis

Scenes Near Memphis

The Old Kingdom is the time of the Pyramids

Valley of the Kings

The Old Kingdom ends with Civil War

The Middle Kingdom: 2060 BC- 1730 BC Reunited under the Princes of Thebes (show book) Time of engineering marvels Canal built to connect the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea Huge irrigation projects completed Highpoint of Egyptian Literature Trade Expands

The Middle Kingdom Ends With the Invasion of the Hyksos Hyksos thought to be an invading Asian group Ruled Egypt for about 160 years Brought with them new ideas and tech-nology (fight on horseback; use a chariot) Little is known about them because eventually the Egyptians overthrew the Hyksos and destroyed any reference to them

The New Kingdom: 1570-1100 BC Was a time of Empire Building (why??) Egypt build large armies and war fleets Conquered large areas such as Palestine, Phonecia, Syria, Nubia, etc. (why- buffer zones) Rulers began to build large statues of themselves and temples (ie Temple of Karnack

Temple of Karnack

New Kingdom Declines Declines around 1100 BC Does not become independent again until the 20th century