1. Mummification

2. Why Mummification?
Egyptian religion required the body to be intact for the person to achieve immortality.
Ancient Egyptians devoted their entire life to the afterlife.
There was no heaven or hell.
You were either immortal or no longer existed
People were mummified to preserve their bodies and ensure their happiness in the afterlife.

3. BA & KA
Egyptians believe each person had a ba (personality) and ka (spirit)
The ka traveled back and forth between the afterlife and the tomb.
They would leave food and drink in the tomb for the ka.
They would leave food and drink in the tomb for the ka.

4. MUMMIFICATION PROCESS
Priests prepared the body.
It was a long complicated and expensive process.
It took about 70 days to complete.

5. Removal of the brain
Embalmers removed the inner organs first, because they found that they rotted first.
The brain was removed through the nose
The brain was thrown away, because they believed that all thinking was done in the heart.

6. The brain

7. Embalmers then removed liver, lungs, stomach and intestines through a slit in the side.
Each organ was put in a canopic jar container filled with natron (salt)
The heart was left in its place because that is where they believed the soul of a person lived

8. CANOPIC JARS Hapy Imsety
Each organ was then placed into a canopic jar (covered urn)
Each organ protected by a separate god.
CANOPIC JARS
it acts as a filter to remove toxins (harmful substances) and waste products from the blood
Canopic-Covered urn
Quebehsenuf
Hapy
Imsety
Duamutif

9. DRYING OF THE BODY
Small bundles of natron (salt) were stuffed into the body for 40 days.
The outside was covered with natron.
The body was slanted and the fluids poured into a jar.
99% of all the body’s moisture was removed.

10. Cleaning the body
After 40 days the body was cleaned and brushed with oils, resins, and spices.
Head and body stuffed with resin-soaked linens
Arms were crossed
Cut covered with Eye of Horus
Resin-sticky substance. usually comes from trees like sap from tree.

11. mummy wrap Bound with long, narrow linen strips
Fingers, toes, arms, and legs wrapped individually
Layers glued with resin.

12. Magical amulets were tucked into the wrappings

13. Mask The head was covered with a portrait mask
Helped the ba and ka recognize the body
The whole mummy was covered with a final coat of resin.

14. burial processes Three separate coffins were made and nested
All three coffins placed into a sarcophagus.
A sarcophagus is made to house coffins.

15. The tomb Bodies were buried with their earthly riches.
Ex. Pets, slaves, chariots, and food.
Anything that would make life more comfortable for them in the afterlife.

16. The Funeral The funeral processions was long
A priest conducts the “Opening of the Mouth” ceremony
This ceremony allows the mummy to speak and eat again in the afterlife.

17. FINAL RESTING PLACE
The pharaoh’s sarcophagus and tomb was located inside of his very own pyramid.
Each pharaoh had their own pyramid.
Construction of pyramids began as soon as a new pharaoh took over Egypt.