CHAPTER 11: MOTION .

SECTION 1: Choosing a frame of reference shows how an object is in motion. Distance is the length of the path between two points. It is a scalar quantity Displacement is the quickest route to a certain point. It is a vector quantity The cart is moving down the track, which means that it is in motion. The arrow shows the direction in which the cart is moving

VOCABULARY Frame of reference- a system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another. Relative motion- movement in relation to a frame of reference. Distance- the length between two points. Vector- a quantity that has a magnitude and a direction. Resultant Vector- the vector sum of two or more vectors. There are many ways to keep moving. Most of the things you do everyday requires you to move.

SECTION 2: An object in motion is moving at a specific speed. Speed= distance/time Average speed= total distance/ total time When displaying speed, use a distance time graph. The slope of the line is speed Velocity is a description of speed and direction. It is a vector quantity When combining velocities use vector addition. The movement of the ball is upward once the boy shoots it, and the path that the ball take is its projectile motion. The ball will take that path based off of the angle and the force acted on it.

VOCABULARY 6. Speed- the ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time the object moves. 7. Average speed- the total distance traveled. 8. Instantaneous speed- the rate at which an object is moving at a given moment in time. 9. Velocity- the speed and direction an object is moving. 10. Acceleration- the rate of which velocity changes. The runner is accelerating as he picks up and loses speed. Acceleration also occurs when the runner changes the direction in which they are running.

SECTION 3 When a change in speed, direction, or both occurs is acceleration. It is a vector Acceleration= (vf-vi)/(time) The slope on a speed time graph is acceleration. The specific velocity when acceleration is occurring at a certain moment is Instantaneous Acceleration. The way to demonstrate acceleration is on a speed-time graph. The slope on the graph is acceleration.

VOCABULARY 11. Free fall- the movement of an object toward Earth solely because of gravity. 12. Constant Acceleration- a steady change in velocity. 13. Linear Graph- a graph in which the data forms straight- line parts. 14. Nonlinear graph- a curve connects data points that are plotted. 15. Force- a push or a pull that acts on an object. Force can be exerted in a numerous amount of ways. In the picture above force is being demonstrated by having the person push on the box.

SCALAR VS. VECTOR A quantity that is fully described by a magnitude, is a scalar. Speed, volume. Mass, temperature, power, energy, and time. A quantity that has both a direction and a magnitude, is a vector. Force, velocity, acceleration, displacement, and momentum. The distance of the satellites to the tower is shown in the picture above. Displacement is a vector quantity, because it includes a direction. While, distance is a scalar quantity because it only has a magnitude.

VOCABULARY 16. Net force- the overall force acting on an object after all forces are combined. 17. Friction- a force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other. 18. Gravity- is a force that acts between any two masses. 19. Projectile motion- the motion of a falling object(projectile) after it's given its first forward velocity. 20. Inertia- the tendency of an objects to resist a change in its motion. The cars in the above picture collided because the second car couldn’t stop fast enough. This is the theory of inertia, and an object in motion will stay in motion until it is acted on by an outside force. In this case the car didn’t stop moving until it hit the other car.

ISAAC NEWTON Sir Isaac Newton developed the theories of motion. He made three laws of motion that prove to be true. An object in motion stays in motion, unless acted on by another force. Force equals mass times acceleration. There is only a velocity if there is a force For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction.

VOCABULARY 21. Momentum- the product of an object's mass and velocity. The apple is being pulled down towards the ground by gravity. Gravity is what keeps everything on the ground, and in its place. 21. Momentum- the product of an object's mass and velocity. 22. Electromagnetic force- associated with charged particles. 23. Strong nuclear force- a powerful force of attraction that acts only on the neutrons and protons in the nucleus. 24. Weak nuclear force- an attractive that acts over a short range. 25. Gravitational force- an attractive force that acts between only two masses.

CHAPTER 11: MOTION With the four pictures off to the left, you can understand what motion is. Motion is any type of movement. The runner has to move his body in order to run. The batter has to move his arms to swing. The cheerleader needs her legs to jump. And the soccer player needs their feet to kick. Motion is part of our everyday lives. It is something we can’t live without doing.