Japanese Social Hierarchy During Tokugawa Period

Tokugawa: Achieving Unity 1600: Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hideyoshi’s successor, claimed the title of shogun. Set up the Tokugawa shogunate, which lasted until 1868. During this time, shoguns created a peaceful, orderly society under centralized feudalism.

Achieving Unity Tokugawa shoguns left feudal class in place, but brought the daimyo under their control. Daimyo: great samurai Shogun required daimyo to spend every other year in Edo (Tokyo). Daimyo had to leave their wives and children in Edo as permanent hostages to ensure their good behavior. Emperor remained a powerless figurehead.

Achieving Unity Economic and Social Changes: Edo grew from a small fishing village to a bustling city. Roads improved. Trade and travel increased. Cities and towns sprang up by harbors and along rivers. New economic markets developed.

Achieving Unity Economic and Social Changes: The daimyo and their samurai followers had to adapt to the changing conditions. No longer spent all its time fighting. Some samurai became government officials. Others managed the estates of daimyos and the shogun. Education became more widespread. By the early 1800s, Japan had become a unified nation in many ways.

was a strict code that demanded: Samurai Bushido Code "way of the warrior" 7 virtues of the bushido code: Gi - Rectitude Yu - Courage Jin - Benevolence Rei - Respect Makoto - Honesty Meiyo - Honor Chugi - Loyalty Samurai Warrior Code was a strict code that demanded: loyalty devotion and honor to the death

An Isolated Nation Early on, the Tokugawas felt threatened by the growing number of westerners who were arriving in Japan. Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English Catholic missionaries had success in converting people, which angered the shogun. Early 1600s: Japanese government began persecuting foreign missionaries and Japanese Christians. 1639: Japan was closed to the world. Foreigners were forbidden from entering the country. Japanese who left couldn’t return. Outlawed the building of ocean-going ships. Exceptions: Some contact with China, Korea, and the Dutch. Isolation lasted for more than 200 years.

CAUSES> MEIJI RESTORATION> EFFECTS: -SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC UNREST -FOREIGN PRESSURE -DAIMYO AND SAMURAI REVOLT -STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT -BUSINESSES ADAPTED WESTERN METHODS -LEADERS ENCOURAGED INDUSTRIALIZATION -BUILT AND EMPIRE -EXTENDED INFLUENCE IN KOREA -CONFLICT WITH CHINA AND DEFEAT OF RUSSIA; EXPANSION OF INFLUENCE-IMPERIALISM OF EUROPEDCOPIED

Commodore Matthew C. Perry

March 31, 1854 1. Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan. 2. Opening of two ports to American ships 3. Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast and protection for shipwrecked persons 4. Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.

1853 - Matthew Perry arrives in Tokyo harbor What was the American motive in sending in the fleet? To intimidate Japan… An effort to start trade

1854 - Japan signs the treaty of Kanagawa How did the U.S. benefit from the terms of the treaty? Gained the right to trade in 2 ports

1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t

1867 - Mutsuhito establishes a new Gov’t 3. What steps did the Meiji take to modernize Japan? Western Industrialization American Education German Gov’t & Military

1885 – Japan & China pledge not to send armies to Korea Why were both countries interested in Korea? Trade Military Outpost

1894 – Sino-Japanese War begins How did the war begin? 1. Rebellion against Korean King 2. Korea asks China for help 3. Japan sent to fight Chinese

1894 – Sino-Japanese War begins What consequences did the war have? Destruction of Chinese Navy New Japanese Empire Japan & Russia new asian powers

1904 – Russia & Japan go to war over Manchuria What was the cause of this war? 1. Russia won’t leave Korea 2. Japan attacks Russian Navy off coast of Manchuria

1904 – Russia & Japan go to war over Manchuria What were some consequences? Destruction of Russian Navy Territorial gains for Japan

Harsh rule Denied Korean rights 1910 – Japan annexes Korea 9. How did the Japanese rule Korea? Harsh rule Denied Korean rights Led to Korean nationalist movement (eventually U.S. involvement in Korean War)