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Chapter 17 Section 1: Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance *“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep….The time was when learning was only found in religious orders….learning has passed to secular princes and peers.”

Read and Write a Response In the Middle Ages both sides of human consciousness lay dreaming or half awake beneath a common veil. The veil was woven of faith, illusion, and childish prepossession…Man was conscious of himself only as a member of a race, people, party, family, or corporation – only through some general category. In Italy this veil first melted into air…; man became a spiritual individual, and recognized himself as such. In the way the Greek hand once distinguished himself from barbarian. When this impulse to the highest development was combined with a powerful and varied nature,…then arose the “all-sidedman” …in Italy at the time of the Renaissance we find artists who in every branch created new and perfect works, and who also made the greatest impression as men. According to historian Jacob Burchhardt, was there a difference between the people of the Middle Ages and people of the Renaissance? Explain.

Setting the Stage During Middle Ages Europeans suffered from War Plague Catholic Church teaching began to be questioned Feudalism began to be questioned Educated people began to reject long held values for “CLASSICAL” learning

Italy’s Advantages 1300 – 1600 Renaissance – means REBIRTH Rebirth of art and learning. *High regard for individual achievement (humanism) Began in Northern Italy because France and England locked in Hundred Years War *It must be grasped that the Renaissance was primary a human event, propelled forward by a number of individuals of outstanding talent, which in some cases amounted to genius…The Renaissance was about the work of individuals, and in a sense it was about individualism”

*Reasons of Italy Urban Centers Italian City-States Overseas trade helped by the Crusades led to growth of large city-states in Italy. Wealthy Merchant class Merchants were the most powerful class due to their wealth which was based on merit. Italian City-States Ran own government Collected taxes Had own army *Gained wealth through the use of merchants in trade between Europe and the East

Characteristics of Italian Renaissance *Scholars were curious about the world outside of Europe and wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans. *Major goal of the Renaissance was to study and imitate the cultures of Greece and Rome. *Renaissance architecture abandoned the “Gothic” style from the Middle Ages and borrowed from more classic styles.

Italy’s Advantages: The Medici Florence was ruled by one powerful family – The Medici Cosimo de Medici Virtual dictator of Venice Arranged marriages to strengthen family & business ties Lorenzo the Magnificent Virtual dictator Supported the ARTS

Italy’s Advantages Medici Family are famous for BEING RULERS PATRONS (financial supporter) OF THE ARTS Nepotism – preferential treatment of relatives

Classical and Worldly Values Society became more SECULAR and less religious SECULAR – to be more worldly and concerned with the here and now. *Secular achievements were given greater emphasis than earlier.

Classical and Worldly Values The Renaissance Man Idea that some people are artistic geniuses. Individuals would strive to master every area of study. According to Baldassare Castiglione the ideal Renaissance Man was skilled in a variety of areas (charming, witty, well educated, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsmen)

Classical and Worldly Values The Renaissance Woman Women became more educated Women were expected to marry whom their parents choose not for love but to strengthen business or family ties. Isabella d’Este of Mantua

Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Artists changed artistic styles Paintings & sculptures became more realistic Glorified human body Portraits of famous citizens

Renaissance Art New Techniques Natural postures and expressions to show personality The David *Perspective is the technique that was perfected during the Renaissance that showed dimension in paintings School of Athens

Renaissance Revolutionizes Art *Leonardo Da Vinci, best of example of a Renaissance Man Painter Sculptor Inventor Scientist Student of anatomy, science, and art. *Skilled in a variety of disciplines *Had an immediate impact on the scientific thinking worldwide, including the importance of the scientific method

Leonardo Da Vinci’s Works *The LAST SUPPER *The MONA LISA

Michelangelo – Renaissance Artist Michelangelo greatest artist of the Renaissance who was also skilled in many areas Most well known for his portrayal of the human body *Sistine Chapel *David *Pieta

DAVID Creation of Adam Pieta *Michelangelo’s Work

Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Raphael Advances Realism Favorite work is the Madonna and Child Famous Work School of Athens Died at the age of 37

*School of Athens - Raphael

Renaissance Writers Change Literature *Used the VERNACULAR or local language. Wrote with self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subject matter. *One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of the “western” classical culture was that they emphasized the power of human reason.

Renaissance Writers Change Literature Machiavelli Advises Rulers Father of Modern Political Thought Wrote the “Il Prince” Outlines how a ruler can gain power, keep it, and control enemies. Thought rulers should be shrewd & deceitful *Effective rulers are feared by their subjects *Advises that a wise ruler is one who does what is necessary to stay in power “The end justifies the means.”

*Political Impact of the Renaissance *State is supreme over the church *New monarchs assert control over national churches *Machiavelli has an impact

Quick Review How did Italian city-states gain wealth during the Renaissnace? Curiosity about the world outside of Europe was typical of the era of the Renaissance because? In what ways did Renaissance architecture differ from Gothic architecture? What is humanism? One of the major goals of the Renaissance was to study and imitate what cultures? How were the writers of the Renaissance influenced by writers of the “western” classical cultures? What is the political impact of the Renaissance?

How is an effective rulers viewed by their subjects? Define vernacular One of the major characteristics of the Renaissance in Europe was what given a greater emphasis? What impact did Leonardo da Vinci have on the scientific thinking world? Where did the Renaissance begin? How does Machiavelli advise ruler to stay in power? What is the new artistic technique used during the Renaissance that showed dimension?