Implementation of Performance Based Navigation procedures Macao Approach Mr. Kevin Lam Director of Airport Infrastructure & Air Navigation Civil Aviation Authority of Macao SAR 4th China & Portuguese Speaking Countries Airports Conference – Macau 2013 25.09.13

What is PBN? PBN is a framework for defining performance requirements for aircraft operating along an air route, on an instrument approach or in a designated airspace. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

What is PBN? Through the application of Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) specifications, PBN provides a basis for the design and implementation of automated, optimized and environmental friendly flight paths as well as an enabler for efficient airspace design and refined protection against terrain. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

What is RNAV? Area navigation (RNAV) is a method of instrument flight rules (IFR) navigation that allows an aircraft to choose any course within a network of navigation beacons, rather than navigating directly to and from the beacons. This can conserve flight distance, reduce congestion, and allow flights into airports without beacons. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

What is RNP? Required navigation performance (RNP) is a type of performance-based navigation (PBN) that allows an aircraft to fly a specific path between two 3D- defined points in space. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

RNAV & RNP RNAV and RNP systems are fundamentally similar. The key difference between RNAV and RNP is the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Regional and International Cooperation PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

ICAO Assembly Resolution (A36‐23) The 36th Session of the ICAO Assembly adopted a Resolution (A36‐23) to resolve that States and Planning and Implementation Regional Groups (PIRGs) should have in place a PBN implementation plan by 2009 to achieve : 1) implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en‐route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; and PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

ICAO Assembly Resolution (A36‐23) ... 2) implementation of approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) (through barometric vertical navigation (Baro‐VNAV) and/or augmented Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)) for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back‐up for precision approach by 2016 with intermediate milestones as follows: 30% by 2010, 70% by 2014. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

ICAO Assembly Resolution (A37-11) The 37th Session of the ICAO Assembly adopted a Resolution (A37-11) to resolve that States complete a PBN implementation plan as a matter of urgency to achieve: 1) implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

ICAO Assembly Resolution (A37-11) … 2) implementation of approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS), including LNAV-only minima, for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approach by 2016 with intermediate milestones as follows: 30 per cent by 2010, 70 per cent by 2014; and PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

ICAO Assembly Resolution (A37-11) … 3) implementation of straight-in LNAV-only procedures, as an exception to 2) above, for instrument runways at aerodromes where there is no local altimeter setting available and where there are no aircraft suitably equipped for APV operations with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5 700 kg or more. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

APAC Regional PBN Implementation Plan - Medium Term (2013-2016) Airspace Preferred Nav. Specification Acceptable Nav. Specification Route – Oceanic RNP 2**, RNP 4 RNAV 10 Route – Remote continental RNP 2 RNAV 2, RNP 4, Route – Continental en-route RNAV 1, RNP 2 RNAV 2, RNAV 5 TMA – Arrival Expand RNAV 1 or RNP 1 application TMA – Departure Approach Expansion of RNP APCH (with Baro-VNAV) and APV PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Regional Cooperation APAC PBN Task Force to harmonize the Regional PBN Implementation in APAC, Macao has participated in the Task Force meeting since early 2010. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Regional Cooperation ICAO Flight Procedure Programme (FPP) Office act as active participant: Macao has supported the APAC FPP Office since Mar 2010. 3 collegues from Macao were trained in the procedure design course. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Macao PBN Procedure Design PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Team On 01 Jun 2012, Macao International Airport PBN Procedures Team was set up. The members of the team consisted of: 5 members from AACM (ATC, AIS, Airworthiness & Flight Standards) 1 member from CAM 2 members from ADA (ATC) 2 members from Air Macau (Flight OPS and Airworthiness) PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process The PBN procedure design task was undertaken by CAM. The MIA PBN flight procedures design project between ADA and Shanghai CAAC New Era Airport Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd was signed on 26 Sep 2012. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process The MIA PBN procedures take-off meeting was held on 15 Oct 2012 between AACM, CAM, ADA, Air Macau, HKCAD, ATMB Guangzhou, CAAC Middle and Southern Regional Administration and New Era. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process Navaid Infrastructure GNSS Navigation Specification: Basic-RNP 1 (SID and STAR) RNP APCH The new PBN procedures will be overlaid on the existing conventional procedures. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process AACM, CAM, ADA, Air Macau, ATMB Guangzhou, CAAC Middle and Southern Regional Administration and New Era used A320 simulator at Zhuhai Flight Training Center to validate the PBN procedures on 05 Jan 2013. Flight crew from Air Macau conducted the flight simulation. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process On 07 and 08 Mar 2013, the on-site flight validation was performed by the CAAC FIC Flight Check Team. The waypoints and subsequent segments of MIA PBN Procedures meet fly ability, safety, minimum stabilization distance and accuracy requirement. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process On 16 May 2013, the final assessment meeting was held in Zhuhai between AACM, CAM, ADA, Air Macau, HK CAD, ATMB Guangzhou, CAAC Middle and Southern Regional Administration and New Era. The final report, verification process and contents have been discussed. The meeting adopted the said report. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process CAAC, HKCAD and AACM also agreed to publish the said procedures and the implementation date is 19 September 2013. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process Arrival Departure Missed Approach PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Procedure Design Process In consideration that some air operators might have practical problems in obtaining the Basic- RNP1 approval for their fleet before the aforesaid effective date, the conventional flight procedures using ground-based Navaids at MIA will be retained for a considerable period of time. The conventional flight procedures transiting Hong Kong FIR are planned to be removed in one year after the post implementation review. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN readiness of Macao Registered Aircraft PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Operation requirement The operation requirement for PBN approval has been established since Nov 2011. AERONAUTICAL CIRCULAR- AC/OPS/022R00 - Operation in Performance-based Navigation (PBN) Prescribed Airspace PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN readiness of Macao Registered Aircraft There are 20 Macao registered aircraft as of Sep 2013. Aircraft Type Number Airbus A319 5 Airbus A320 2 Airbus A321 7 Hawker CANADAIR FALCON 2000 1 FALCON 2000LX PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

PBN Approval Status PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Challenge for PBN Implementation in Macao There is a need to harmonize the Macao ATZ, Hong Kong FIR and Guangzhou FIR implementation plan and operation issues. Private aircraft operators and foreign airline operators might have practical problems in obtaining the Basic-RNP1 approval for their fleet. PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

Questions & Answers PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018

THANK YOU PBN Implementation - Macao Approach 9/18/2018