STREAMING CURRENT MONITOR FOR COAGULANT OPTIMIZATION IN WATER TREATMENT PLANTS - LAP EXPERIENCE DECEMBER 15, 2015 (TUESDAY) 9.30 am BORNEO WATER & WASTE WATER EXHIBITION 2015

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Introduction (LAP) Coagulation & Flocculation Why Streaming Current? Material & Methodology Streaming Current Technologies Applications Streaming Current for Process Control Result & Conclusion

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Kuching 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre INTRODUCTION Perak Water Board ( LAP ) is the sole water provider for state of Perak, Malaysia Production : 1,200 million liters per day (MLD) No. of treatment plant : 46 (operate using conventional treatment method) Raw water sources : River water

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre WATER TREATMENT PLANT The raw water being treated are mostly from surface waters In recent years, we realized that the water resources has changes in quality & quantity Rapid changes in turbidity causes difficulty in maintaining the optimum dosing of coagulant During raining season, the turbidity do rapidly change cause difficulties in order to maintain optimum dosing of coagulant & chemicals

Perak River Water turbidity varies from 20 NTU to more than 1000 NTU BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Rainfall in Malaysia (November 2014) River water turbidity usually increase after heavy rainfall in the catchment areas. Perak River Water turbidity varies from 20 NTU to more than 1000 NTU Perak River supply almost 40% of total needs Accumulative catchment area about 11,098km2 ; that area covered 54% of Perak State.

Average Rainfall in Ipoh BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Average Rainfall in Ipoh

Figures shows differences after rainfall in the catchment areas BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre BEFORE AFTER Kg Senin WTP Kg Senin WTP Figures shows differences after rainfall in the catchment areas

PERAK RIVER BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERAK RIVER Kg Senin Water Treatment Plant

PERAK RIVER (KUALA KANGSAR)

PERAK RIVER INTAKE KOTA LAMA KIRI BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERAK RIVER INTAKE KOTA LAMA KIRI

PERAK RIVER DAILY MAXIMUM TURBIDITY 2014 BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERAK RIVER DAILY MAXIMUM TURBIDITY 2014

PERAK RIVER DAILY MAXIMUM TURBIDITY JAN- AUGUST 2015 BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERAK RIVER DAILY MAXIMUM TURBIDITY JAN- AUGUST 2015

TURBIDITY REMOVAL DOSING OPTIMIZATION BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre TURBIDITY REMOVAL DOSING OPTIMIZATION

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre COAGULATION Coagulation control has been primary concern to water utilities, engineers and scientists for many years. For the decades, jar test has been conducted to determine optimum dosage of coagulant to achieve the appropriate settling in the sedimentation tank. Streaming current implemented in late 60’s but wasn’t widely used, due to reason of its high cost and unstable reliability. Enhancement in rapid electronics technologies lead the development and introduction of microprocessors, streaming current monitor (SCM) become user friendly in operation, reliable and affordable.

WHY STREAMING CURRENT? BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre WHY STREAMING CURRENT? JAR TEST Standard method to determine optimum coagulant dosage for water treatment process The result determine by Visual comparison or physical tests ie turbidity & color. The general tendency in most facilities is to overfeed chemicals as a “safety” precaution The tests provide only a “snap shot” of plant conditions at the time the samples were collected Chemical dosing unable to respond to rapid change in raw water quality.

PERAK RIVER WATER (TURBIDITY : 790 NTU) BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERAK RIVER WATER (TURBIDITY : 790 NTU)

WHY STREAMING CURRENT? Fast Response to Changes in Raw Water BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre WHY STREAMING CURRENT? Fast Response to Changes in Raw Water Streaming Current Monitors provide an early warning to rapid changes in raw water turbidities e.g. storm water influence and allows the adjustment of coagulant chemicals necessary to maintain optimum water quality. Optimize Chemical Usage Operators that control the chemical dosage from jar test & based on years of experience have a tendency to overdose just to be on the safe side. Streaming Current Monitor not only eliminate potential of chemical over use, but SCM can actually help the operator optimize usage to the minimum level required to maintain optimum water quality. In most cases the chemical usage can be reduced with no effect on water quality.

Streaming Current Monitoring BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Streaming Current Monitoring How does the Streaming Current Monitor work ? SCM measures the net colloidal and ionic surface charge (positive & negative) of a continuously flowing sample. Streaming Current potential is related to Zeta potential

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre OBJECTIVES A streaming current monitor (SCM) is an instrument for measuring the charge that exists on small, suspended particle in liquid A SCM is the only online instrument that can be used to measure coagulated particle stability for the feedback control of coagulant dosage

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre MATERIAL & METHOD Perak Water Board has applied the Streaming Current Monitors (SCM) in 20 of the water treatment plants since year 2004 to optimize the coagulant dosage in water treatment process. SCM operates by using electronic sensor to determine charge neutralization after addition of coagulant to the raw water. If the correct coagulant dosage is added to the incoming raw water it should exactly neutralize the negatively charged particles in the raw water. In theory, if the proper coagulant dose and a complete mixing of the chemical has occurred, the SCM will read “0.0”.

APPLICATIONS OF STREAMING CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre APPLICATIONS OF STREAMING CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES Municipal and Industrial Water Treatment: Any process using coagulants or polymers to clarify the raw water Aluminium sulphate (alum) / polyaluminium chloride is use for coagulation & flocculation (to clarify the river water)

Sultan Idris Shah 11 (SIS) 272 MLD BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre For the purpose of this paper, 5 treatment plants which have installed SCM and its automatic system of controlling coagulant dosing along the Perak River are chosen. Map : Fives (5) water treatment plants along the Perak River 1 Kota Lama Kiri (KLK) 25 MLD 2 Sultan Idris Shah 11 (SIS) 272 MLD 3 Kg Senin (KS) 34 MLD 4 Kg Paloh (KP) 76 MLD 5 Teluk Kepayang (TKPYG) 136 MLD

WTPs ALONG PERAK RIVER Teluk Kepayang SIS II, Parit Kg Senin Kg Paloh

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre

PERAK RIVER TURBIDITY (MAXIMUM DAILY) BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERAK RIVER TURBIDITY (MAXIMUM DAILY)

STREAMING CURRENT FOR PROCESS CONTROL BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre STREAMING CURRENT FOR PROCESS CONTROL

STREAMING CURRENT FOR PROCESS CONTROL BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre STREAMING CURRENT FOR PROCESS CONTROL How SCM fits into the treatment scheme. 3 important criteria for installation of SCM Sample point strategies Lag time Chemical feed points

SENSOR LOCATION Mixing Unit Flocculator Filters Sensor Settling Basin BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre SENSOR LOCATION Filters Mixing Unit Flocculator Settling Basin Sensor The Sample Point for the Sensor should be as close to chemical injection point as possible. The preferred location is directly after the mixing unit. Sample flow through the Sensor should be 1 to 5 GPM. Higher flow rates help to keep the sensor clean

STREAMING CURRENT CONTROL BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre STREAMING CURRENT CONTROL Filters Mixing Unit Flocculator Settling Basin Sample Point Well Mixed Quick Response Set Point Defined by Operator Based on Process Performance Sensor Controller Pump

Water Quality before & after the treatment (Turbidity, Fe, Mn) BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre RESULT & DISCUSSION Water Quality before & after the treatment (Turbidity, Fe, Mn) Chemical consumption Treatment plant operation

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre

SETTLED WATER BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre SETTLED WATER

FILTER (SETTLED WATER) BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre FILTER (SETTLED WATER)

TURBIDITY BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre TURBIDITY

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre

Drinking Water Quality Standard BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Parameter Drinking Water Quality Standard (mg/l) Perak River (Average) Fe 0.3 0.4 Mn 0.1 Al 0.2 nd

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre SCM Kota Lama Kiri

BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre WATER QUALITY Ministry of Health Malaysia selected 5 performance indicators to further enhance continuous quality improvement (Quality Assurance Programme : QAP) Five performance indicators selected are: Residual chlorine (98.15%) E. coli (99.65%) Residual chlorine & E.coli (99.9%) Turbidity (98%) Aluminium (89.8%) Ministry of Health sets yearly target for each indicators

PERCENTAGE OF COMPLIANCE BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre PERCENTAGE OF COMPLIANCE All fives (5) QAP parameters complied with the standard

Alum Usage BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak No. Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Alum Usage No. Water Treatment Plant Year Installed Liquid Alum (kg) Production (m3) Ratio (kg/m3) 1. Teluk Kepayang 22/04/2004 Year 2003 1,035,817 29,256,348 0.035 Year 2004 955,066 33,896,546 0.028 Year 2005 1,043,778 36,306,876 0.029 Year 2014 1,456,910 46,803,402 0.031 Before After

Alum Usage BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak No. Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre Alum Usage No. Water Treatment Plant Year Installed Liquid Alum (kg) Production (m3) Ratio (kg/m3) 2. Kota Lama Kiri 31/12/2004 Year 2004 151,834 6,235,498 0.024 Year 2005 126,713 6,758,434 0.019 YEAR 2014 289,356 10,312,117 0.026 Using increase due to high turbidity Before After

TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION (TKPYG WTP) BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION (TKPYG WTP) NO OF FILTER NO OF FILTERS FREQUENCY OF BACKWASHING (DAYS) WATER USAGE FOR 1 FILTER DAILY USAGE M3/day/filter BEFORE 4 3 DAYS 70 m3 23 AFTER 5 DAYS 14

BENEFITS Better quality of settled water. BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre BENEFITS Better quality of settled water. Maximise filter life span and less water for filter backwashing. Eliminate Aluminium residual issues.

CONCLUSION The SCM can be a useful tool in coagulant optimization BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Kuching Sarawak Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre CONCLUSION The SCM can be a useful tool in coagulant optimization SCM is capable in optimizing the coagulant dosage under fluctuation of raw water turbidity In conclusion streaming current monitor will benefit as follows Improve overall plant performance, consistent and high quality settled & treated water Increased length of the filter runs (consistency of the quality of settled water)

THANK YOU BWWE – JTJAD Conference 2015 Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserved Our Water Resources Manage . Safeguard . Conserve 14 – 16 December 2015 Borneo Convention Centre THANK YOU