Plagiarism Prof Tanya Stott

Plagiarism What is plagiarism?

Official definition Plagiarism is (Merriam-Webster) to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own to use (another's production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

severity Leading politician in German’s Free Democratic Party PhD revoked in 2011 120 passages (two-thirds of which were not accurately cited) were plagiarised German’s minister of education PhD revoked in 2013 33 years after it was awarded Large parts of thesis were not her own work

severity New Canaan News 2012 Journalist cited fake sources in 25 articles Wall Street Journal Journalist used fake sources in 3 articles New Yorker Recycled blog posts Fabricated material for book Plagiarised from multiple sources

Examples of plagiarism Examples (Plagiarism.org) turning in someone else's work as your own copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit failing to put a quotation in quotation marks giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

Examples of plagiarism Copying and pasting text from online encyclopaedias is plagiarism Copying and pasting text from any web site is plagiarism Using photographs, video or audio without permission or acknowledgement is plagiarism Using another student's or your parents' work and claiming it as your own ,even with permission, is plagiarism Quoting a source without using quotation marks--even if you do cite it is plagiarism Citing sources you didn't use is plagiarism Getting a research paper, story, poem or article off the Internet is plagiarism Turning in the same paper for more than one class without the permission of both teachers ( this is called self-plagiarism)

Plagiarism spectrum Turnitin conducted a survey with 879 respondents to identify sources of plagiarism All information regarding the plagiarism spectrum was obtained from the following source The Plagiarism Spectrum: Instructor insights into the 10 types of plagiarism http://pages.turnitin.com/rs/iparadigms/images/Turnitin_WhitePaper_PlagiarismSpectrum.pdf

Plagiarism spectrum Clone “An act of submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum Ctrl-C “A written piece that contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum Find-replace “The act of changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source in a paper”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum Remix “An act of paraphrasing from other sources and making the content fit together seamlessly”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum Recycle “The act of borrowing generously from one’s own previous work without citation; To self plagiarize.” http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/92785/file-5414624-pdf/media/ith-selfplagiarism-whitepaper.pdf

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum Hybrid “The act of combining perfectly cited sources with copied passages—without citation—in one paper.”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum 7. Mashup “A paper that represents a mix of copied material from several different sources without proper citation.”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum 404 Error “A written piece that includes citations to non-existent or inaccurate information about sources”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum Aggregator “The ‘Aggregator’ includes proper citation, but the paper contains almost no original work.”

Plagiarism spectrum

Plagiarism spectrum 10. Re-tweet “This paper includes proper citation, but relies too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure.”

Plagiarism spectrum

Citations Use citations for Quotations In quotation marks with page on which the quote appears in the original source Paraphrase Summary Facts, information and data Supplementary information

More examples Examples in the next slide were obtained from http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/integrity/pages/plagiarism/

More examples

More examples

More examples

Avoiding plagiarism Use your own words and ideas Always give credit to the source where you have received your information If you use someone's exact words - put them in quotes and give credit using footnotes. Include the source in your references If you have paraphrased someone's work, (summarizing a passage or rearranging the order of a sentence and changing some of the words) - always give credit Take very good notes--write down the source as you are taking notes. Do not wait until later to try and retrieve the original source. Avoid using someone else's work with minor "cosmetic" changes *http://schools.cbe.ab.ca/b691/library_referencing.htm

Other forms It is also easy to fall into the trap of following the format of an article you have read. This is also not advisable – you are essentially stealing the argument structure in this instance

When in doubt…. CITE!

references Merriam-Webster online dictionary Plagiarism.org http://pages.turnitin.com/rs/iparadigms/images/Turnitin_WhitePaper_PlagiarismSpectrum.pdf http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/92785/file-5414624-pdf/media/ith-selfplagiarism-whitepaper.pdf