Western Frontier Chapter 18

Bell Ringer Monday Turn to page 533 in the blue textbook. Read the instructions on the left side of the page. Use the map to answer the questions at the bottom

Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q16OZkgSXfM (455)

The Mining Booms As more settlers moved West, mining, ranching, and railroads soon transformed the western landscape. A mining boom brought growth to the West. The demand for cattle created a short-lived Cattle Kingdom on the Great Plains.

Mining in the West Mining became big business with discoveries of large deposits of precious metals, such as the Comstock Lode in Nevada. Miners from all over the world came to work in the western mines. Boomtowns grew quickly when a mine opened and often disappeared quickly when the mine closed. Mining was dangerous. The equipment was unsafe and miners had to breathe hot, stuffy air that causes lung disease. Poorly planned explosions and cave-ins killed and injured miners. Fires were also a threat.

Railroads connect East & West Wagon Trains & stagecoaches could not move people fast enough Railroads could and did. Between 1865 & 1890-miles of track in the U.S. soared from 35,000 to 150,000 miles.

Bell Ringer Wed Turn to page 543 Do the Graph skills exercise at the bottom of the page. We will discuss as a class

Bell Ringer Wednesday

Transcontinental Railway A route was needed to connect the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Two companies competed with each other. Union Pacific-began laying track westward Central Pacific- began laying track eastward. Each wanted to cover a greater distance to receive more of the government subsidies.

The Transcontinental Railway Large numbers of Irish and Chinese immigrants worked on the railroads. In May of 1869, the railway was connected in Utah. The Governor of California drove a golden spike into a tie to join the two railroads.

Results of the Railroad Economic growth and population in the West increased. Railroads provided better transportation for people and goods They also encouraged people to move west. Railroads became one of the country’s biggest industries. Railroads changed how people measured time with the creation of time zones

Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4YgEMykqAQ Charlie Brown

Rancher & Farmers The increasing demand for beef helped the cattle industry grow. Cattle ranchers in Texas drove herds to Abilene, Kansas, to be shipped east. Cattle ranching spread across the Great Plains, creating the Cattle Kingdom that stretched from Texas to Canada. Ranchers grazed huge herds on public land called the open range. Competition, the invention of barbed wire, and the loss of prairie grass brought an end to the Cattle Kingdom.

Ranchers and Farmers Ranchers had plenty of cattle The markets to sell the beef was in the North & the East. The cattle could be loaded on trains in Missouri and shipped North & East. The cattle drive or long drive- herding cattle 1000 miles or more to meet the railroads. Stampedes was one of the greatest dangers on these cattle drives

Chapter 18 Vocabulary Lode​ sodbuster​ Ore​ dry farming​ Vigilante​ nomadic​ ghost town​ reservation​ subsidy​ National Grange transcontinental​ Cooperative Open range​ Populist Part y Brand​ Free Silver​ Vaquero​ homestead​

People, Places, & things Boomtowns (1) Time Zones (1) Promontory Point (1) Leland Stanford (1) Cow towns (2) Long Drive (2) Stampede (2) Chaps (2) Lariats (2) Homestead Act (2)

Guided Reading 18.1

Bell Ringer- Friday

Farmers Settle the Plains Three factors brought settlers to the plains: Railroads made the journey easier & cheaper New laws offered free land(Homestead Act) Above average rainfall

Farmers Settle the Plains Homestead Act: Passed by Congress Gave settler 160 acres Had to live on the land for 5 years Effect: Lured thousands of new settlers to the plains. .

Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaHQ2vrt0ak (247)

Ranchers and Farmers notes Guided reading 18.2