1. Settling the West

2. In the mid-1800’s, deposits of gold, silver, and copper were discovered in the West.

3. Top Section: Question 1
What grew as mineral deposits were discovered and people flocked to the West? - The mining industry

4. As miners headed West carpenters, blacksmiths, bakers, and other businesses soon followed.
Boomtowns

5. When mineral deposits dried up, so did the economy of the towns.
Ghost towns

6. A railroad that crossed the continent.

7. Finally, after six years the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railways met.
Promontory Point, Utah
The Golden Spike

8. Under the Homestead Act, a head of household who was at least 21 could claim 160 acres of land.

9. Middle Section: Question 1
What was a Homesteader? -A person who claimed ______ acres of land in the __________ ____________.

10. Life was hard: few trees, little fresh water, harsh winters, prairie fires, Native Americans, etc.
Wagon Trains
Sod Houses

11. The chilled steel plow Invented by Scottish immigrant James Oliver
Did not break if it hit a stone in the field

12. Looking for freedom, many African Americans headed West after the end of the Civil War.

13. A growing demand for beef in the cities back East created economic opportunity for ranchers.
$3 a head for a steer on the ranch
$40 a head at the market

14. In order to earn $40 a head, ranchers needed to move their cattle to the rail lines.

15. Bottom Section: Question 3
What was a cattle drive?
-A long ______________ to guide animals north to the ___________________.

16. Some of the challenges cowboys faced:

17. Bose Ikard and Nat Love were members of the Black Cowboys of Texas.