ANCIENT GREECE 1

Greek Geography 5

The City-states of Ancient Greece 6

ATHENS POLIS ACROPOLIS 7

Where did Athens get its name? The Parthenon The Goddess Athena 8

How was Athens’ democracy different from ours? Athens had a direct democracy where all citizens could meet in the Assembly and vote on laws. The United States has a representative democracy where we elect officials to make decisions for us. 9

How else was Athens’ democracy different from ours? Athens had a more limited democracy Why? Who couldn’t vote? Slaves Women Men under 30 Many immigrants 10

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Spartan Society Military society Boys began training at the age of 7 Military service began at 20 Ate and slept at barracks until age 60 Women were also told to exercise…why? 12

The Olympics

How did 2 city-states become so powerful? By defeating Persia in the Persian Wars Battle of Marathon – Athens defeats Persians Battle of Thermopylae – 300 Spartans help to hold off Persians while Athens builds a navy Battle of Salamis – Persian fleet is destroyed 14

Why was this victory so important? IT WAS THE TURNING POINT IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION!!! Without this victory, democracy would ceased to exist. 15

What happened to Athens and Sparta? Peloponnesian War Delian League (Athens) v. Peloponnesian League (Sparta) Both began messing with each other’s allies Sparta’s side won, but everyone was weakened This paved the way for the………………. 16

The Delian League Delian League Peloponnesian League After defeating Persia, Athens and Sparta form alliances to protect themselves from another Persian attack. Delian League Athens and its allies. Peloponnesian League Sparta and its allies.

Athenian Imperialism Over time, Athens began to abuse the other city-states in the Delian league… Pericles used Delian League money for Athenian building projects. Parthenon Athens sacked and burned smaller city-states that attempted to withdraw. Forced them to pay “tribute.” Claimed that the “Persian threat is always near…”

Peloponnesian War - Beginning In 431 B.C., Corinth and Megara are being threatened by Athens to join the Delian League. Members of the Peloponnesian League Sparta sends a message to Athens to “back down, or else…” Remember: Athens = Strong navy. Sparta = Strong army. What would you do?

The exciting conclusion… The Athenians, led by Pericles, decide to stay within the walls of their city and rely on their navy. The Spartans surround the city. Two years go by… A plague breaks out in the overly crowded city. 1/3 die, including Pericles. War lasts for another 25 years. Finally, Athens surrenders when its navy is destroyed in 405BC.

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The Macedonian Conquest Alexander the Great was able to conquer the weakened city-states He then conquered land all the way to India He died undefeated in battle, but then his empire was split up (it was taken over by the Romans) 22

Philosophy Socrates Socratic questioning in search of Truth Taught Plato Death sentence – why? 23

Philosophy Plato Wrote the Republic Favored aristocratic government run by the most intelligent Philosopher-king 24

Philosophy Aristotle Studied biology, anatomy, physics, government, etc. Tutored Alexander the Great 25

Mathematics Pythagoras Euclid Calculated the sides of a right triangle Modern geometry 26

Science Archimedes 27

Astronomy Ptolemy What’s wrong with this picture? 28

Drama Comedy and Tragedy 29