Ancient Greece Ch. 9

Greece on the Map Objective: The students will learn where Greece is located on a map. They will also learn about the early cities of Greece and how they developed over time. Standards:6-2.1 Describe the development of ancient Greek culture including the concept of citizenship and the early forms of democracy in Athens.

Label Greece on a map.

Geography of Greece A mountainous land It did not provide much land to farm They had to farm on hillsides. The mountains divided the people

The Sea Greece is surrounded by many seas: Aegean, Ionian, and the Mediterranean Greece had a lot of harbors along its long coastline. They traded with a lot of cultures around them. They traded crops: grapes, olives, and grains.

Trade Where did they get this from? Discuss in group for a moment Food Alphabet Countries along the Mediterranean Sea Phoenicians Coins Lydians

City-states Greece was not a united country, but had small independent city-states. Climate was nice in Greece: Winter (rain), and Summers (hot and dry) Greece held many events outside: theaters, political meetings, and religious ceremonies.

Early Greek cities The Minoans Located on the island of Crete

2. Had a written language, made cloth, pottery, and jewelry. 3. King Minos 4. Controlled trade of surrounding areas 5. About 2000 bc, the Minoans started leaving Crete and came to the main island of Greece.

Greek Pirates The early civilization of Mycenae reminds me of ancient pirates. They had a huge city surround by 20 ft. walls. They attacked other ships and took their valuables (plunder)

Greek Polis Definition – Greek City-state English words like Police and Politics comes from polis. Acropolis-a fort in each city-state that people would go to in times of danger Agora – marketplace

Agoras (outside marketplaces) Men would shop Women would go to the water fountain

3. People would debate issue, choose officials, pass laws, and carry out business

Citizenship Only free, land-owning men born in a polis could be citizens Women and children could qualify for citizenship, but had none of the rights that went along with it.

Sparta Government: Military and oligarchy Slaves were called Helots (Greek for capture) Population in 450 BC was 25,000

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v97o90bnUVs Life of a Spartan Only healthy babies were allowed to live in Sparta Boys were sent to military camp at age seven. ( They were given very little supplies to survive. They often stole in order to live) Read quote on page 185

Spartan Women Strong and responsible Very athletic: wrestled, ran, played sports. Had rights Ran the family farms while husband was away.

Athens Greek city-state (named after the goddesses Athena) Had a Democracy (government by the people) Athenian governing body was called the Assembly. Only citizens were allowed to take part of the Assembly and vote. Slaves, women, and workers born outside of Athens were not citizens. Population in 450 bc 170,000 people

Objective: The students will learn about the “Golden Age” of Athens and learn about the Greek Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Standard: 6-2.2 Pages 261-265

Greeks Vs. Persia Background: Persia was the greatest military power in the world at this time. They attacked Athens and the Athenians won. This was a big victory. Athens knew Persia would attack again so Sparta joined forces with them.

Athens and Sparta together defeated the Persians. Battles: 1. Battle of Marathon – page 194 2. Sparta 300 –page 195 3. Battle of Salamis –Athens defeats Persia in a navy battle – page 195-196

Golden Age of Athens Around 479 b.c. What did the Greeks do? Built beautiful buildings Extended human knowledge (philosophers) Experienced great wealth and growth.

Chapter 8 Standard: 6-2.2 Analyze the role of Alexander the Great, Socrates, Plato. Archimedes, Aristotle, and others in the creation and spread of Greek governance, literature, philosophy, the arts, math, and science.

Greek Philosophers Socrates: Page 221 Taught people to learn by asking questions. He was later found guilty of trying to corrupt the young. He was made to drink poison in prison.

Plato: Page 222 Aristotle: Page 223 Student of Socrates Thought that democracy was wrong and that a few men should rule and make the decisions. Believed in a Utopia style of government. Utopia is supposed to be a perfect world. Aristotle: Page 223 Student of Plato Wrote books on many topics Taught Alexander the Great Created the “first” university

Greeks Fighting Background: After Athens went into its Golden Age, they began to act unwisely or “too big”. They forced city-states to join their Delian League and used the money from it to build buildings in Athens. Q: Do you think the other city-states thought very highly of Athens?

Opposition What city-state do you think rejected Athens proposal for them to join the Delian League? You are right, Sparta!!!!

Peloponnesian War Greece and its allies against Sparta and its allies. Army Starved people in Athens (but the Athenian navy got food in) Burned farms and homes Won but soon lost power. Athens: Sea power Plague killed many people in Athens Lost power

Greece falls apart After the Peloponnesian War, Greece was in a state of disaster. Many men turned to Persia to serve in its army as mercenaries ( hired soldiers) Sparta had lost so many men that it was also no longer a strong power.

Religion page 213 The Greeks believed in gods and goddesses. These gods lived on Mt. Olympus The father of all Greek Gods was Zeus. All gods or goddesses were related to him. The Olympic Games were created to honor the Greek Gods.

Extra Credit Research one of the Greek Gods. List the following facts: What was he or she the god of? How was he or she related to Zeus? Tell anything else that is interesting about the god or goddess. Due Tuesday, Jan. 31, 2017

Phillip of Macedonia King of Macedonia Took over Greece (after the Peloponnesian War) He went to school in Greece and admired its culture. Father of Alexander the Great. Was killed

Alexander the Great Took over as King of Macedonia in 336 BC. He quickly took over Persia, Syria, Phoenicia, and Egypt. (What continents did he conquer?) He wanted to take over Asia (India) but they attacked during the monsoon season.

What happened to him? His troops had to turn around He got sick and then died He ruled only 13 years. He was 20 when he started and 33 when he died.

Hellenistic Age Started after Alexander died. Greek cities were built throughout the Greek Empire. This means that everything in the cities where built just like the Greek cities.

Alexandria Located in Egypt Alexander founded it (named after him) Center of trade and learning 1st lighthouse built there Had a library there that was supposed to be the best in the world.

Famous People – Chart on page 239 Hippocrates “father of Medicine” Archimedes Mathematician & the pulley system Pythagoras Geometry Euclid Most important mathematician, studied plane geometry