Diseases of the Excretory System Pg. 66

Review

What is Excretion? Excretion is the process by which the waste products from cell metabolism are eliminated from the blood in the form of urine, respiration, faeces, and sweat.

What ORGANS are involved in the excretory system? Kidneys Lungs Liver Sweat glands

What SYSTEM is involved in excretion? The urinary system which involves the kidneys, nephrons, and the formation of urine.

Diseases of the Excretory System Pg. 66

Cystitis (UTI) cistitis Cystitis is also known as a urinary tract infection (UTI) •Inflammation of the bladder wall or urinary tract (More commonly found in women) Usually caused by a bacterial infection (often E. coli) •Non bacterial causes may include: –Chemical irritants (soap or pool chlorine) –Hormonal changes –Drinking little water –Spicy foods or food you may be allergic to –Drinking a lot of coffee or fruit juice

Symptoms –Burning sensation during urination –Urge to urinate often – pain in abdomen or pelvis – strong smelling urine –Dark urine, sometimes containing blood –Fever (if there is infection) *Can become fatal or lead to hospitalization if left untreated

Prevention •Treatment: antibiotics –Eat cranberries or blueberries –Eat raw garlic (helps control bacteria growth) –Drink water regularly – avoid acidic food or drinks –Take vitamins or supplements –Wipe from front to back after using the restroom •Treatment: antibiotics

Pyelonephritis pielonefritis •Infection in the kidneys •Cause by a bacteria (often E.coli) •Usually starts as a urinary tract infection (UTI), which starts in the urethra and bladder, and travels upwards to the kidneys•Cause by a bacteria (often E.coli)

Pyelonephritis pielonefritis •Symptoms: Same but stronger symptoms of a UTI and additional back pain. – Burning sensation during urination –Urge to urinate often – pain in back, and abdomen or pelvis – strong smelling urine –Dark urine, sometimes containing blood –High Fever •Treatment: –Antibiotics –If serious, surgery may be necessary

Renal Colic cólico renal •Also known as kidney stones (cálculos renales) •Kidney stones are mineral deposits made up of waste from the blood •People who develop kidney stones contain more crystal-forming substances in their urine (such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid) than the fluid can dilute

Risk Factors High Protein Low Fiber Diet Dehydration Obesity Digestive diseases Family History

Treatment • Passing small stones: - drinking a lot of water - taking pain reliever - taking medicine For larger stones, medical procedures may be necessary: shock waves used to break large stones surgically removing stones

Kidney Disease Renal Failure (fallo renal) Two types: Acute (short term) – kidneys slowly stop filtering waste products from blood, and this buildup causes harm to the kidneys – has 3 main causes: lack of blood flow to kidneys, direct damage to the kidneys, or blocked urine flow from kidneys

Acute Kidney Failure Symptoms: low urine levels shortness of breath Nausea swelling in legs or feet confusion Acute… •develops rapidly in a few hours or a few days •It can be fatal if not treated quickly

Acute Kidney Failure Treatment: – balance the amount of fluids in the blood using an IV (intravenous fluids) – medication to control potassium or calcium levels in blood –Hemodialysis, used to remove buildup of toxins in the blood

How does dialysis work? A machine pumps blood out of your body through an artificial kidney (dialyzer) that filters out waste. The blood is then returned to your body.

Chronic Kidney Failure –If acute kidney failure is not detected or treated, a slow and gradual loss of kidney function will occur – often times it is too late to reverse the disease, but there are ways to slow down the process and treat symptoms: Treatment: • medication to make you more comfortable •Dialysis •Kidney transplant, surgically replacing your kidney with a donor organ

Healthy Habits •Drink a lot of water – hydrates the body, eliminates waste, reduces risk of kidney stones • Exercise – your body excretes toxins through sweat • Eat a healthy diet –Eat nutrient-rich foods – limit salt • Avoid toxins – drugs, alcohol, or smoking •Maintain good hygiene of the external genital area – to avoid urinary tract infections

Questions What is another name for Cystitis? Are UTIs found more in men or women? What natural food items will help with UTI prevention? When a UTI gets worse and moves to the kidneys, it is called what? Kidney stones cause what disease? What are kidney stones made from? Can you naturally pass all kidney stones? What is another term for “short term” and “long term” diseases? What is dialysis? What is one healthy habit to help reduce the risk of diseases of the excretory system?

What is another name for Cystitis? Urinary Tract Infection or UTI

Are UTIs found more in men or women? Women because of the anatomy of their external genitalia

What natural food items will help with UTI prevention? Cranberries, Garlic, and Water

When a UTI gets worse and moves to the kidneys, it is called what? Pyelonephritis

Kidney stones cause what disease? Renal Colic

What are kidney stones made from? Mineral waste from the blood such as calcium

Can you naturally pass all kidney stones? No, some need to be shrunk with radiation or surgically removed

What is another term for “short term” and “long term” diseases? Short term= acute Long term= chronic

A machine that filters the toxins from your blood What is Dialysis? A machine that filters the toxins from your blood

Healthy Habit? Drink Water Eat Healthy Keep genitals clean Exercise