2. Nonsolid wastes are eliminated through lungs, skin, and kidneys.
Function: The excretory system eliminates nonsolid wastes from the body.
skin
lungs
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
Nonsolid wastes are eliminated through lungs, skin, and kidneys.
Lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Sweat glands in skin release excess water and salts.

3. Urinary System:
The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
The urinary bladder temporarily stores urine until it is released from the body.
The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
The outer end of the urethra is controlled by a circular muscle called a sphincter.
skin
lungs
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

4. Function of the Kidney
The liver filters blood and waste is converted into urea.
The principal function of the kidney is to filter urea from the blood that came from the liver in order to remove cellular waste products from the body.
At any given time, 20 % of blood is in the kidneys. Humans can function with one kidney.
Regulate acid-base balance

5. The kidneys help to maintain homeostasis by filtering the blood.
cortex
medulla
renal artery
renal vein
ureter
(to bladder)
The kidneys are fist-sized, bean shaped structures.
two layers: medulla and cortex
filtering units called nephrons
renal artery and renal vein

6. Kidney
cortex
ureter
medulla

7. Kidneys have three basic functions in maintaining homeostasis.
remove nitrogenous waste from blood
help to maintain electrolyte, pH, and fluid balances
release key hormones

8. All urine has ammonia which is a normal product of the
NH₃
(Nitrogenous Waste)
All urine has ammonia which is a normal product of the
metabolism of protein. Thus, all your urine should smell a
little bit like ammonia…kidney filters out nitrogenous waste.

10. Review Game
(Basketball)
(Jeopardy) - Tuesday

11. DISORDERS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Kidney Stones
Urinary Tract Infection
Kidney Infection
Kidney Failure

12. KIDNEY STONES

13. Kidney Stones Crystals formed from minerals in urine.
They can be found in the kidney, ureter or bladder.
80% of those stricken are males.
The most common crystals are:
Calcium Oxalates
Uric acid

14. Kidney Stones (cont)
Symptoms include severe back or abdomen pain, blood in the urine, nausea and vomiting.
Diagnosis involves a complete medical examination, including X-rays.
Treatment may vary from letting the stones pass through the urinary tract to ultrasound shock to disintegrate the stones to a small size that can be passed through the urinary tract.
Real large stones require surgery for removal.

15. Kidney Stones (cont) Ways to avoid kidney stones:
Increase liquid intake (more than 2l / day)
Limit sodium intake
Limit animal protein (link shown in men)
Limit foods high in oxalate (spinach, strawberries, dark chocolate, brewed tea)

16. Injury and disease can damage kidney functions.
A kidney transplant can replaced damaged kidney.
recipient and donor tissue must match
drugs prevent tissue rejection
The daughter and son in this photo donated a kidney and liver tissue to their mother.

17. Dialysis can be used to filter and clean the blood.

18. UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Disorders of the Excretory System
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Is a very common disorder. If the bladder has become infected, it is known as cystitis. If the urethra is infected., it is called urethritis.
Symptoms include painful urination burning sensation), frequent urination (even if no urine present) and bloody or brown urine.
This can lead to chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and upper abdomen tenderness.

19. Also, a person should drink lots of water.
NOTE :
If left untreated, all UTI’s can lead to permanent kidney damage and possible kidney failure.
The general treatment is by antibiotics. A person needs to maintain good personal hygiene when eliminating wastes (liquid and solid forms) from the body.
Also, a person should drink lots of water.

20. Result when an infection reaches the kidneys.
Kidney Infections
Result when an infection reaches the kidneys.
Common causes can be infection from elsewhere in the body or obstruction of the prostate gland (usually in older men).