Viruses.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Unit 5: Classification and Kingdoms
Advertisements

What living things do you see in this picture?.
Viruses.
1 Latin for “poison” A virus is a particle that can only be seen with an electron microscope.
Viruses Non-living - does not grow, eat, release waste, or breathe. Is able to reproduce, but only when inside a host (the cell that a virus enters) 100.
Viruses Living or Not Virus Virus – small particle made of 1.Nucleic acids either DNA or RNA 2.Surrounded by a protein coat.
What do you think this is?. Viruses What do you Think These Objects are? Are They Living?
Viruses. 1. According to the article you read yesterday, do scientists consider viruses to be alive? Why or why not?
The Immune System.
Viruses pp. 104 to 107.
Viruses You are to write a narrative about a patient that has been infected with the Ebola Virus. Tell their story…. Include: How was the virus contracted?
Virus.
Viruses. At the boundary of life, between the macromolecules (which are not alive) and the prokaryotic cells (which are), lie the viruses and bacteriophages.
Viruses Versus Living Organisms
Notes: Chapter 39 (page ) – Immunity from Disease.
VIRUSES A. Viruses are particles containing: 1. Nucleic acid 2. Protein coat B. They can reproduce only by infecting living cells! cells! I. Structure.
Quick Activity Put your name on a small piece of paper Put the paper into the bin at the front of the room. Stand by your seats and push in the chair.
VIRUSES ARE THEY ALIVE OR NOT??? STRUCTURE OF A BACTERIOPHAGE (A VIRUS THAT INFECTS BACTERIA) HEAD PROTEIN COAT GENETIC MATERIAL TAIL NECK BODY TAIL.
VIRUSES. Viruses are particles containing: 1. Nucleic acid 2. Protein coat They can reproduce only by infecting living cells.
Viruses. Learning Goals 1)Understand the structure of a virus 2)Provide support evidence to answer the question, “Are viruses living?” 3)Explain the two.
Viruses AKA the things that make us sick!.
Viruses.
A Story about Fighting the Flu
Viruses…. Are they alive?
The Non-living Parasite
Viruses (18.2) SB3D. Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms.
Viruses Doesn’t belong to any kingdom -It’s not a plant or an animal.
Viruses
Immune System.
Viruses Virus: A biological particle composed of nucleic acid and protein pathogen: anything that causes sickness or disease.
Viruses Essential Questions: What is the structure of a virus and how do viruses cause infection?
Set up Cornell notes in your IAN Notebooks to take notes on
Viruses.
Viruses EQ: What is the general structure and function of a virus?
Tuesday 4/26/16 Learning Target: Know the characteristics, reproduction and how to control viruses. Learning Outcome: Create a virus of your choice which.
What living things do you see in this photo?
TEKS 4.C Students will… Compare the structure of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe.
Viruses.
Viruses Viruses – particle made up of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells Core.
Viruses.
Viruses (18.2) SB3D. Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms.
Viruses & Bacteria 1.
Viruses.
Immunity.
Viruses.
Biology PAP – October 23, 2017 Human Immune System
Bacteria, viruses and the immune system
Virus Notes Chapter 19 Section 19-2.
Viruses Doesn’t belong to any kingdom -It’s not a plant or an animal.
Viruses.
Viruses
The Microscopic menace
Virus Notes Chapter 19 Section 19-2.
Disease: Bacteria and Viruses.
VIRUSES
Viruses.
To be considered living…
Viruses.
6.2 -Viruses.
Viruses.
Viruses.
Immunity The Immune System is a defense system to help an organism survive against invaders. Organisms with a developed immune system are considered.
Guarding against disease
Viruses.
Module 7 Cellular Reproduction and DNA- Part 2 November 19, 2015
Viruses.
Wednesday Jan 29, 2014 Take out your note packet from last week and open to the “VIRUS” section.
Did you wash your hands today?
Viruses TEK 4C: Compare structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as HIV and.
VIRUSES.
Presentation transcript:

Viruses

What is a Virus? Viruses are tiny, non-cellular, infectious agents that invade living cells and take over their machinery to make copies of themselves.

What is a Virus? Viruses are NOT considered living based on the characteristics of life, because they: Do not make/use energy or have any metabolism (they have no organelles) Cannot reproduce on their own Are not made of cells Do not grow/develop on their own

Virus Structure Bacteriophage Capsid – made of protein, Tail Infects bacterial cells MOST IMPORTANT PART Capsid – made of protein, contains the genetic material (DNA or RNA) Tail Tail Fibres- used for attaching to target cell

Virus Structure Influenza HIV ‘The Flu’ Capsid – made of protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus MOST IMPORTANT PART Capsid – made of protein, contains the genetic material (RNA) Antigens - made of lipids/glycoproteins, help the virus to attack and enter their target Also help the immune system to identify the virus

Viruses Vocab Viruses are obligate parasites – organisms that need to live in/on another being to survive and do not benefit them in any way Host - The organism/cell that a parasite exploits Viruses are pathogens – something that causes disease in the host cell/organism

How Viruses Work Step One – Viruses attach to their specific target cell based on their antigens. This works like a lock and key, so viruses will only affect certain cells.

How Viruses Work Step Two – The virus will inject its genetic information into the host

How Viruses Work Step Three – The cell now starts to make copies of the virus proteins and genetic information Step Four – The different parts of the virus are assembled into full virus copies

How Viruses Work Step Five – The virus causes cell lysis (cell bursting apart) and the virus copies are released

How Viruses Work

Lytic/Lysogenic Cycles Viruses can infect cells in two different ways If a virus enters and immediately causes infection with the 5 steps, it is called the Lytic Cycle

Lytic/Lysogenic Cycles Viruses can infect cells in two different ways If a virus enters and remains dormant/inactive in the DNA before causing infection, it is called the Lysogenic Cycle

Immune Response Your immune system recognizes viruses and bacteria based on their surface antigens Every cell in your body has your specific markers, so anything that looks different is marked by your body as an invader (this is why people need specific organ transplants and also why you can’t receive blood transfusions from everyone)

Immune Response The Immune System protects the body in two ways: Nonspecific Response: Skin, mucus, sweat, tears, and inflammatory response (heat, redness, swelling, and white blood cells) Specific Response: Body makes antibodies which seek out and kill specific antigens

Brace yourself for the next slide!! Immune Response The immune system is incredibly complex which is why it has an entire branch of science called immunology Brace yourself for the next slide!!

Specific Response There are many cells that are responsible for the specific immune response: Macrophages/Phagocytes- Large cells that ‘eat’ the virus/bacteria and show the T Cells and B Cells the antigen to target Helper T Cells – Cells that tell B Cells, Cytotoxic T Cells, and Natural Killer Cells what to do B Cells – Cells that make Plasma Cells and Memory B Cells Plasma Cells – Cells that make antibodies which target the virus/bacteria Memory B Cells- Cells that ‘remember’ the antigen so they can quickly kill the virus/bacteria if it shows up again later Cytotoxic T Cells – Cells that make poison granules to kill the virus/pathogen Natural Killer Cells - Cells that kill any infected or out of control (cancer) cells

Specific Response HIV attacks Helper T Cells which greatly weakens the immune system This is how HIV (the virus) causes AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (the disease)

Medication Viruses are very difficult to target with medications because they are not living by our definition of life Antibiotics are medications that are designed to kill living cells so they are useless against viruses

Vaccines Vaccines have been developed for a number of viruses/bacterial infections. A vaccine actually contains weakened or dead viruses that trigger the immune system to start making antibodies which will protect you in the future

Vaccines Currently available vaccines: Keep in mind that not all vaccines are 100% effective Currently available vaccines: DTaP Shingles Hepatitis A, B Tdap HiB Td HPV Varicella (Chickenpox) Influenza (The Flu) Adenovirus Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella Anthrax Meningococcal Japanese Encephalitis MenB Rabies Pneumococcal Conjugate Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Smallpox Typhoid Polio Yellow Fever Rontavirus