Big Idea 9: Changes in Matter Grade 5 Topic VI Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist – Science Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist – Science Dr. Millard Lightburn, Instructional Supervisor Department of Mathematics and Science

Topic VI: Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter Benchmarks SC.5.P.9.1 Investigate and describe that many physical and chemical changes are affected by temperature. SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations, experiments requiring the identification of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. SC.5.N.2.1 Recognize and explain that science is grounded in empirical observations that are testable; explanation must always be linked with evidence. LACC.5.SL.1.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Take a piece of paper and change it in some way How did you change it? Folding Bending Tearing Cutting Crumpling Why are the changes that you all made to the paper just physical changes? The paper is still paper. You can unfold it. Explore:

All Matter has Properties, but Matter also undergoes Changes Look at a cube of sugar. What are its physical properties? It’s white. It’s shape is a cube. It smells sweet. It’s made of sugar crystals. If you crush it, it will still be sugar. What was changed? Only it’s shape. It is still made up of sweet, sugar crystals. Matter has physical properties that can be observed without changing the type of matter. Matter can also change in ways that do not affect the type of matter. These changes are called physical changes. Engage and Explore:

Compare and Contrast Property Changes Physical Change Chemical Changes A physical change is a change in the physical properties of matter. The matter changed in how it looks, but what it is made out of does not change. A change that takes place when a substance changes in size, shape or form. The particles of matter do not change. Explain and Evaluate:

What are some Different Ways that Matter Changes Physically? Crushing Folding Bending Tearing Cutting Crumbling Sanding Smashing Peeling Melting * Freezing * Boiling Condensing *A process in which a type of matter changes state when enough heat is added to it (melting) or taken away from it (freezing). Explain and evaluate:

Physical Changes (note page) A physical change does not change the identity of the substance. The item is still itself; it might just look or feel different. Physical changes can happen when items Change states of matter Change shape, size, or texture Dissolve Many physical changes can be reversed or changed back to how they were before the change.

More on Physical Changes What is happening to the ice cubes? They’re melting. If you add enough heat energy to ice, it turns into liquid water, then it turns into a gas called water vapor. If you cool the substance, by taking away heat energy, you can reverse these changes. You can change a gas into a liquid and a liquid into a solid. What type of change is this? Changing from one state to another state is an example of a physical change. Explore and Explain:

Physical change is often due to a change in temperature How does heat affect physical changes? Some types of matter change state when enough heat is added to it (melting) or taken away from it (freezing*). What are some examples of each? Explore: Click on the hyperlink: Physical change is often due to a change in temperature and explore a FOSS site showing the effects of objects placed in the freezer. Review with students the temperature of the freezer - 0 ̊ Celsius or 32 ̊ Fahrenheit Explain and evaluate: Answer How does heat affect physical changes? Have students give examples. *Water freezes at 0 ̊ Celsius or 32 ̊ Fahrenheit

*Water boils at 100 ̊ Celsius or 212 ̊ Fahrenheit States of Water Water changes to steam, a gas, when it is heated to its boiling point*, as water vapor cools it condenses back to form a liquid Explain: Click on the pan of water to watch an interactive simulation. *Water boils at 100 ̊ Celsius or 212 ̊ Fahrenheit

Matter has other properties that cannot be observed without changing its identity What will happen if I hold a lit match to a piece of paper? Yes, the paper will burn. Observe as I demonstrate lighting a piece of paper with a match. What happened to the paper? The paper changes into ash and smoke. (The smoke is carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor.) What kind of change is burning paper? During a chemical change, substances react and form new substances. Did this happen? Yes, burning is a chemical change. Explore and Explain:

Compare and Contrast Property Changes Physical Change Chemical Changes A physical change is a change in the physical properties of matter. The matter changed in how it looks, but what it is made out of does not change. A change that takes place when a substance changes in size, shape or form. The particles of matter do not change. A chemical change is a change in the chemical properties of matter. A chemical change occurs when two or more kinds of matter combine to form a new substance with different properties. A change that takes place when a substance is completely altered. The particles of matter do change. Explain and Evaluate:

Making Cookies Imagine that you and your mom are making cookies. You mix all the ingredients together in a bowl. Next you spoon out cookie dough onto a baking sheet. Then you place the sheet in a hot oven to bake. The change that turns the dough into a cookie is called a _____________. Yes, a chemical change Chemical changes are also called reactions. Why? Engage and explain:

Chemical Changes Chemical changes produce new substances that have different properties than the original substances. What are some examples of chemical changes? Burning Rusting Cooking and baking Explain

What are some signs of a chemical change that can be seen? Signs or clues can include: Change in odor Change in color Change in taste Change in mass Forming bubbles (giving off a gas) Giving off smoke Giving off light Explain

Chemical changes change the chemical nature and properties of substances to form new substances What are some examples of chemical properties? Corrosion of metal—when iron combines with oxygen in the air, rust forms Gas bubbles— Baking soda combines with vinegar, carbon dioxide forms A change in color (browning of fruit - decay) – an apple is peeled and reaction with oxygen in the air Explain and evaluate:

More on Chemical Changes Chemical changes can happen quickly or slowly. Chemical changes to matter can be produced by heating. Light energy can produce a chemical change in some materials. Sometimes when two substances combine, energy is released. Chemical changes are often difficult to reverse. Explain and evaluate:

Chemical Changes and Matter MATTER IS NEVER CREATED OR DESTROYED IN A REACTION ONLY CHANGED!

Review 1. What is a chemical change? Answer: A chemical change produces substances that have new properties. 2. How is a chemical change different than a physical change? Answer: A physical change does not produce new substances like a chemical change does. It only changes physical properties. 3. How is heat involved in chemical changes? Answer: Sometimes heating can cause chemical changes. Sometimes chemical changes give off heat. 4. How is heat involved in physical changes? Answer: Sometimes adding heat to matter can change its state -when enough heat is added to it can cause melting or if heat is taken away it can cause freezing of the matter. Explain and evaluate:

Quiz: Decide if each example is a physical or chemical change Example of Change Physical or Chemical Water boiling into steam An ice cream melting A bicycle rusting in the rain A banana turning brown Tearing paper into pieces A candle wick burning Water freezing into ice A carton of milk going sour A loaf of bread cut into slices Burning toast in the toaster 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9. 10. Evaluate: Quiz

Physical and Chemical Change Resources: Free Brain POP: Matter Changing Property Changes Scholastic Study Jams: Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter CHEM4KIDS: Changing States of Matter Chemical Reactions PBS Learning Media: http://wlrn.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/idptv11.sci.phys.matter.d4ksow/states-of-water/ Discovery Education Science Content: Exploration: Chemical Changes Reading Passage: Keep it in the Dark Video: Chemical Changes Video: Chemical Reactions Resources

Teacher Resource Teaching Channel: 5E’s grade 5 science lesson video on teaching chemical and physical changes: https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/teaching-physical-and-chemical-changes