Energy Sources and Conversion Processes

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Sources and Conversion Processes BY P M V Subbarao Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Technological Concepts for Better use of Resources …

Energy Conversion Technologies

Vapor Power Cycles Details of Rankine Cycle Total installed capacity in the world: 1125 GW Minimize the internal consumption of high quality energy …

Rankine, William John Macquorn (1820-1872)

Ideal Rankine Cycle

The Basic Rankine Cycle

Analysis of Cycle First law for a cycle:

Progress in Rankine Cycle Year 1907 1919 1938 1950 1958 1959 1966 1973 1975 MW 5 20 30 60 120 200 500 660 1300 Th oC 260 316 454 482 538 566 565 Tr1 oC -- FHW 2 3 4 6 7 8 Pc,kPa 13.5 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 4.4 5.4 Eff,% ~17 27.6 30.5 35.6 37.5 39.8 39.5 40

Layout of Conventional Steam Power Plant

Role of SG in Rankine Cycle Using Natural resources of energy.

Details of Basic Processes Generation of Thermal Energy – Using Natural Resources. Combustion Sciences. Transfer of Thermal Energy to working fluid. Science of Heat Transfer.

Five Requisites for Good Combustion Fuel MATtr Theory: M : Proper mixing of the reactants. A: Sufficient air. T: Conducive temperature T: Sufficient time r: Satisfactory density of reactant. Fourth DF systems contains various auxiliaries to staisfy MATtr theory as completely as possible.

Thermodynamics of Combustion A Criteria for Sizing of Furnace & Furnace Accessories.

Analysis of A fuel 49 8 36 7 100 C,% H2, % O2, % N2,% S,% Ash, % Total Gravimetric proximate analysis of Bituminous Coal: Fixed Carbon % Moisture Volatile Matter, % Ash Total 49 8 36 7 100 Gravimetric Ultimate analysis of Bituminous Coal: C,% H2, % O2, % N2,% S,% Ash, % Total 68.5 5.5 16.5 1.5 1 7 100

Fuel Model (Combustible Part) Analysis of combustible part of fuel: Gravimetric Percentage of carbon : x --- Number of moles, X = x/12 Percentage of hydrogen : y Number of atomic moles of combustible hydrogen, Percentage of oxygen: k Number of atomic moles of combustible oxygen, Percentage of sulfur: z – Number of atomic moles, Z = z/32 Equivalent chemical formula (combustible part of fuel) : CXHYSZOK

Fuel Model (Non Combustible Part) Percentage of moisture: M % Number of moles of moisture: Percentage of Ash, A % Molecular weight : Unknown. Molecular weight of 1 kmol of fuel : 100 kgs